The Origin and Growth of Liberalism RI 2 is essentially the historical narrative/background you could use to explain the evolution of ideology & the emerging conflict between individualism & collectivism (conservative vs liberal, capitalism vs socialism etc.)!! To what extent is resistance to liberalism justified?
Enlightenment: Absolutism vs Individualism Ind Rev: laissez faire capitalism vs socialism Illiberalism: Fascism vs Communism vs liberalism Cold War (Foreign Policy): Liberal Democracy (individualism) vs Communism (collectivism)
The most effective government is the one that governs the least
2.2 appreciate how citizens and citizenship are impacted by the promotion of ideological principles 2.3 appreciate that individuals and groups may adhere to various ideologies
2.1 appreciate Aboriginal contributions to the development of ideologies 2.4 explore Aboriginal contributions to the development of liberalism 2.5 examine the relationship between the principles of liberalism and the origins of classical liberal thought (John Locke, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill)
classical liberalism Absolutism / Feudalism
19 th Century Liberalism What is Classical Liberalism? Embraces the principles of individualism Rule of law Individual rights and freedoms Private property Economic freedom Self-interest Competition
2.6 analyze the impacts of classical liberal thought on 19th century society ( laissez-faire capitalism, industrialization, class system, limited government)
What events/concepts demonstrate the bracketed items? laissez-faire capitalism Industrialization class system limited government
classical liberalism - for that time period “Liberal” Ideas Shift Left = Change Change = Liberal CLASSICAL LIBERALISM Absolutism / Feudalism Change = Progress/Modernism
2.7 analyze ideologies that developed in response to classical liberalism (classic conservatism, Marxism, socialism, welfare capitalism) Classical conservatism Marxism Socialism Welfare capitalism
CLASSICAL LIBERALISM Absolutism / Feudalism Shift Left = Change Change = Liberal SOCIALISM Modern Liberal Perspective CLASSICAL Conservatism Modern Conservative Perspective L I B E R A L I S M Shift Left = Liberal NEW IDEA!! ER OLD IDEA!! OLD IDEA Reactionary
CLASSICAL LIBERALISM SOCIALISM Modern Liberal Perspective CLASSICAL Conservatism Modern Conservative Perspective L I B E R A L I S M Reactionary MARXISM
2.8 analyze the evolution of modern liberalism as a response to classical liberalism (labour standards and unions, universal suffrage, welfare state, protection of human rights, feminism) labour standards and unions universal suffrage welfare state protection of human rights feminism
19 th Century Liberalism What is Classical Liberalism? Embraces the principles of individualism Rule of law Individual rights and freedoms Private property Economic freedom Self-interest Competition What is Socialism? Embraces the principles of collectivism Collective norms Collective responsibility Public property Economic equality collective-interest Co-operation
2.9 evaluate ideological systems that rejected principles of liberalism (Communism in the Soviet Union, fascism in Nazi Germany)
Illiberal Governments: USSR & Nazi Germany Hitler & Stalin: What is significant? Rise to power Illiberal activity (techniques of dictatorship) “Selling” themselves as liberal Attacks on Liberalism: Ideological differences between fascism & communism
2.10 analyze how ideological conflict shaped international relations after the Second World War (expansionism, containment, deterrence, brinkmanship, détente, nonalignment, liberation movements)
What events demonstrate the bracketed items? Expansionism: Containment: Deterrence: The Cold War,
What events demonstrate the bracketed items? Brinkmanship: Détente: Nonalignment: Liberation movements:
2.11 analyze perspectives on the imposition of the principles of liberalism (Aboriginal experiences, contemporary events) 2.12 analyze the extent to which modern liberalism is challenged by alternative thought Aboriginal collective thought, environmentalism, religious perspectives, neo-conservatism, postmodernism, extremism) 2.13 evaluate the extent to which resistance to the principles of liberalism is justified
A note on the environmental argument/case study... Environmental concerns are a difficult argument in support of collectivism because there is no real evidence to support it will work... Kyoto – Failed Copenhagen It could be used to support individualism if you suggest that as collectivism fails, the solution may be a more individualist approach... Private enterprise will develop environmental technology, as there is a lot of money to be made... We can see this in the auto industry (hybrids)