Russians in the Baltic States: Multiple Identities and Diverse Futures Victor Makarov PhD Candidate, University of Helsinki
Overview Why Study Russian identities? Russians as a population group Individual identity adaptation strategies Russian Collective identities: political and cultural Brubaker’s Trangle: The fourth angle? Multilayer identities: Russians as model Europeans
EASTERN SLAVIC POPULATION IN THE BALTIC STATES Pre-SovietSovietPost-SovietN, 1000 Latvia 10% * % * % * Lithuania 3 % * % * % * Estonia 8,2 % * % * % * Total> 1.5 mln
Attitudes towards Communism LT
Attitudes towards Communism LV
Attitudes towards Communism EE
Attitudes towards Authoritarian rule LT
Attitudes towards Authoritarian rule LV
Attitudes towards Authoritarian rule EE
European Identities EstoniaLatviaLithuania EstRusLatRusLitRus Q. With which one of the following do you most closely identify yourself? And which do you identify with secondly? Nation-state first Integrated national Russian or Soviet Local, regional only European Other Don’t Know New Baltic Barometer V, Autumn, 2001, N=3,133. Source: R. Rose, S. Berglund, 2004