BARBAROSSA Lend-Lease Rassenkampf Stalingrad Bagration Georgi Zhukov Great Fatherland War

After the Fall of France Battle of Britain, 12 August to 27 September 121 Air Raids Stalemate in West US Lend-Lease Aid British Technology

The Reasons for BARBAROSSA Rassenkampf Lebensraum Fascist Ideology Finland Wermacht Morale Alliances * * * * * = Major Oil Field

Dramatic Success of Blitzkreig German Success –3.3 million German soldiers –60 Miles per Day –8 Russian Divisions Wiped Out in First Week –2,000 Planes Destroyed in 48 Hours –6,000 Tanks Lost in July Alone –1,500,000 Casualties in 14 Days –By August, Germans Were 200 Miles From Moscow

Failure of the Russian System Army Not Ready –Stalinist Purges of the 1930s 80% of Colonels Purged –Political Reliability Over Military Capability Late Mobilization –Distrust of British Intelligence –Hope for Diplomacy –Remembrances of 1914

June July Aug-Sep October Approx 300,000 Russian POW Approx 600,000 Russian POW Leeb Bock Runstedt North Center South

But the Russians Aren’t Done “Trading Space for Time” Russian Industry Out of Reach Reserves of Manpower Winter is Coming….

Limits of Blitzkrieg Counted on a Four Month Campaign Far From Supply Lines Not Prepared for Cold Weather

Siege of Moscow, October 1941 Initial German Success Nazis 40 Miles Away Lenin’s Coffin Removed 700,000 Russian POWs

Zhukov and “General Winter” Nazis Have No Winter Gear Temperatures Hit 40 Below Zero, Celsius Nazis Have No Winter Oils Zhukov and the Siberian Reserves, December 6, 1941

“Comrade Kill Your German” Momentum Shift 300,000 Germans Killed or POW in December Alone Bitter Nature of the War American Entry Two Front War by Spring

Stalingrad, Sept 1942-Jan 1943 German losses exceed 250,000 men Worst fighting of the war Major turning point in the war Surrender of Paulus and the Sixth Army

Reasons for Russian Recovery Quantity has a quality all its own Industry Russian patriotism Changes in Russian doctrine Lend-Lease as the vehicle for Deep War theory Diplomatic isolation of Japan Second Front?

Resources at Kursk (July/August 1943) USSRGermany Men1,336,000900,000 Tanks3,4442,700 Planes2,9002,000 Heavy Guns19,00010,000

Operation Bagration

Russia’s Great Fatherland War 20,000,000 Russian dead – at least Russia in firm control of Eastern Europe and plan to keep it Mistrust with west Russian army powerful, efficient by 1945 Russians able to absorb huge casualties