IV. SHG and Micro-Finance Micro-finance y/kq & foRr Micro-finance financial services which includes Micro Credit, Micro Savings Insurance to benefit the poor. y/kq _.k] y/kq cpr] thou chek& ds tfj;s y/kq foRrh; lsok;sa xjhckas dks miyC/k MICRO FINANCE y/kq foRr 1 RSB-SHG INSURANCE thou fcek MICRO SAVINGS y/kq cpr MICRO CREDIT y/kq _.k

Self-Help Groups (SHGs) Lo;a lgk;rk lewg RSB-SHG 2  Micro-loans to Self-Help Groups Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dks y/kq _.k  SHGs usually start with saving Rs 5 to 30 per month per member. They pool this for one year. Lkewg dk gj lnL; 5 ls 30 :Ik;s izfr ekg,d o”kZ rd cpr djrk gS  Start lending among themselves. Lkewg ds lnL; vius lnL;ksa dks gh _.k nsuk izkjEHk djrs gSaA

Women in Driver’s Seat pkyd dh lhV ij efgyk,a RSB-SHG 3

4 Landless Hkwfe ghu Women efgyk;sa Unorganised vlaxfBr NGO engaged in general development Lo;a lsoh laLFkk tks lkekU; fodkl dk;Z djrh gSa Bank Branch or MFI cSad dh ‘kk[kk ;k y/kq foRrh; laLFkk Situation before Intervention foRr gLr{ksi ls igys dh fLFkfr Stages of Evolution of Linking the Poor with Finance xjhcksa dks foRr ls tksMus ds fofHkUu Lrj

RSB-SHG 5 NGO starts forming Self Help Groups Lo;a lsoh laLFkk Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk xBu izkajHk djrs gSa Bank Branch or MFI cSad dh ‘kk[kk ;k y/kq foRrh; laLFkk (Months 1-3: Early Formative Stage) izkjfEHkd fLFkfr 1,d ls rhu eghuk Groups begin to meet with NGO guidance Lo;a lsoh lgk;rk laLFkk ds ekxZn’kZu esa lewg dk cSBd

RSB-SHG (Months 4-12) SHG members pool their savings lewg ds lnL;ksa dh cpr SHG 1 SHG 2 SHG 3 ….. SHG n NGO forms groups and provides training Lo;a Lksoh laLFkk;sa Lo;a lsoh lgk;rk lewg dk xBu djds izf’k{k.k nsrh gS SHG members start and pool their savings and open bank a/c Lo;a lgk;rk lewg cpr bDBk djds cSad [kkrs esa tek djrs gSa bDVBk Facilitation jkLrk lqxe djuk Bank Branch cSad ’kk[kk

RSB-SHG (Months 9-18) SHGs pool savings and lend from own funds Lkewg ds lnL; viuh cpr bdVBk djrs gSa vkSj vius gh iSlksa ls lnL;ksa dks m/kkj nsrs gSaA NGO forms groups and provides training izf’k{k.k Facilitation jkLrk lqxe djuk Bank Branch cSad ’kk[kk SHGs provide loans to members from pooled savings Lo;a lg;rk lewg vius cpr ls lnL;ksa dks _.k nsrh gS Savings cpr SHG 1 SHG 2 SHG 3 ….. SHG n

RSB-SHG (Months 18 onwards): As SHG fund requirements increase, loan is given by a bank or an MFI to the SHG tSls lewg dks iSlksa dh vko’;drk c<rh gS] cSad ;k MFI lewg dks _.k nsrs gSaA NGO provides training Lo;a Lksoh laLFkk;sa izf’k{k.k nsrh gS Bank or MFI lends to SHGs cSad ;k foRrh; laLFkk;sa Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks _.k nsrh gS Facilitation jkLrk lqxe djuk Loans _.k Repayments olwyh SHGs lend to members Lo;a lgk;rk lewg lnL;ksa dks _.k nsrh gS Loans _.k Repayments olwyh SHG 1 SHG 2 SHG 3 ….. SHG n

RSB-SHG (Years 2 to 3):SHG Federations formed at village or a cluster level lewg feydj xkWao Lrj ij N= laLFkk cukrs gSaA NGO helps form SHG federation Lo;a Lksoh laLFkk;sa egkla/k cukus esa enn djrh gS Bank/MFI continues to lend to SHGs who lend to their members y/kq foRrh; laLFkk Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dks _.k nsrh gS] tks vius lnL;ksa dks _.k nsrs gSA Facilitation jkLrk lqxe djuk Loans _.k Repayment olwyh VM-C:\NABARD-SHG Stages.PPT, 4/4/99 SHGs lend to members Lo;a lg;rk lewg lnL;ksa dks _.k nsrh gS SHG 1 SHG 2 ….. SHG n

RSB-SHG (Years 2 to 3):SHG Federations linked to an MFI egkla?k vkSj y/kq foRrh; laLFkk dk tqMko NGO provides training to SHG Federations Lo;a lsoh laLFkk Lo;a lgk;rk lewg Egkla?kksa dks izf’k{k.k nsrh gS Bank/MFI provides loans to SHG Federations y/kq foRrh; laLFkk Lo;a lgk;rk lewg egkla?k dks _.k Ikznku djrk gSA Facilitation jkLrk lqxe Loans _.k Repayments olwyh Fees ’kqYd SHG Federations lend to member SHGs Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk egkla?k& Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dks _.k nsrh gS SHGs lend to members Lo;a lgk;rk lewg vius lnL;ksa dks _.k nsrh gS SHG Federations 1 to n Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dk egkla?k

Why are VOs and MFIs needed? Lo;a Lksoh laLFkk;sa vkSj y/kq foRrh; laLFkkvkas dh vko’;drk D;ksa gS\ RSB-SHG 11  Poor people do not come together on their own xjhc yksx Lo;a bdVBs ugha gksrs  They require awareness, motivation and training mUgsa tkx:drk] izksRlkgu vkSj izf’k{k.k pkfg;s  Voluntary Organizations are good at providing these inputs Lo;a Lksoh laLFkk;sa ;s lHkh phtksa dks iznku djkus esa vPNh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA  Once groups are formed, lending and repayment collection, accounting etc. has to be done,d ckj lewg cuus ds ckn] _.k nsuk] _.k okilh vkSj fglkc fdrkc vkfn j[kuk gksrk gSA  This role is not appropriate for Voluntary Organizations ;g Hkwfedk Lo;a Lksoh laLFkk;vksa ds fy;ss mi;qDr ugha gSA  Such functions are performed by Micro-finance Institutions or MFIs ;g dke MFI }kjk fd;s tkrs gSaA