December 16, Collect Current Event from Friday 2.Video: Battle of Britain (w/ notes) Poland, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands Belgium, Luxembourg, France all surrender to Nazi’s by Summer, Quiz Wednesday: Ch. 24 (Sec. 1,2,4)

Miracle at Dunkirk Poland, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands Belgium, Luxembourg, France all surrender by Summer, Hundreds of thousands of Allied soldiers trapped at Dunkirk. Miracle at Dunkirk: 338,000 French and British troops saved. Three weeks later: June 22, France surrenders.

Battle of Britain May, 1940: Winston Churchill becomes British Prime Minister. Hitler thought Britain would negotiate peace after France surrendered. Prepared for German invasion. Germany’s invasion began in the air because invasion across Channel would be too dangerous. German Luftwaffe vs. RAF (Royal Air Force.) Air battle from June, 1940-Oct began with Luftwaffe attacking British Navy and RAF. Aug 24, 1940: Luftwaffe accidentally bombed center of London. RAF responds by bombing Berlin. Hitler commands Luftwaffe to bomb Britain repeatedly.

Battle of Britain Hitler wanted to terrorize the British so they would lose their will to fight. British developed new technology called radar, giving them an advantage. British RAF successful vs. the Luftwaffe. Oct.12, 1940: Hitler stops the attempted invasion of Britain. The Blitz: September 1940-May 1941: raids in which more than 100 tons of explosives were dropped on 16 British cities. London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights.

December 17, Notes: America Enters the War Vocabulary 3.Tomorrow: Ch. 24 Quiz (Sections 1,2,4)

America Enters the War Chapter 24 Section 4

America Enters the War American neutrality declared 2 days after Britain & France declare war on Germany. Neutrality Act of 1939: Allied nations could buy contraband from U.S. (cash and carry) Most Americans favored helping the Allies (Britain and France): Interventionists. Isolationists formed America First Committee opposing intervention.

America Enters the War Dec Britain running out of money. March, 1941: Congress passed Lend Lease Act: U.S. could lend or lease any weapons to Allies.

Japan Attacks the United States Japanese expansion in Pacific threatened U.S. colonies. Japan part of Axis Powers. American response to all of this: 1.Loans and lend/lease military aid to China 2.Trade embargo on Japan (no more American oil, iron, steel.) Japan wanted to control the entire Pacific. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Home of largest U.S. Pacific Naval Base and Fleet. December 7, US Navy ships damaged or sunk… 188 planes destroyed… 2,403 Americans killed; 1,178 injured Congress declares war on Japan; Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

December 18, Return Work 2.Quiz: Ch. 24, Sections 1,2,4

25.2 The Early Battles U.S. Army Commander in the Pacific Douglas Macarthur

The Fall of the Philippines -Two days after Pearl Harbor, Japanese landed at the Philippines. -Douglas MacArthur, commander of U.S. Army in Pacific, tried to keep the Philippines. -U.S. troops pushed back from Manila to Bataan Peninsula, trapped and short on medical supplies and food. -MacArthur ordered by FDR to evacuate to Australia; many U.S. soldiers left behind. -American & Filipino troops fought until early 1942 until 75,000 surrendered. -Japanese forced these sick (malaria) and malnourished troops to march 65 miles up the Bataan Peninsula. -Over 7,000 American and Filipino troops died. -Bataan Death March.

The Doolittle Raid Army Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle

The Doolittle Raid -FDR wanted revenge on Japan to raise American spirits. -Lt. Colonel James Doolittle devised plan to attack Japan and bomb Tokyo from an aircraft carrier: USS Hornet. -16 B-25 Bombers fly over Tokyo. -Killed 50 Japanese and damaged over 100 buildings. -Attack was minimal but raised American spirits.

The Battle of Coral Sea Navy Admiral Chester Nimitz

The Battle of Coral Sea -May, 1942 Japan moves towards New Guinea. -Americans confront them. -Battle occurred in middle of the Pacific. -Fighting was all air strikes as planes took off from aircraft carriers. -Although battle was a draw, U.S. strategically won. -Stopped Japan from conquering New Guinea.

Battle of Midway June, 1942 June, 1942: Japanese launch Midway Island. 362 Americans killed; 3,057 Japanese killed. Here’s the story…

Turning Back the German Army June, 1941: Hitler breaks Non- Aggression Pact with Soviet Union and invades. Once U.S. entered WWII, Stalin wanted FDR to open second front in western Europe. Soviet Union fighting on Eastern Front. Churchill and FDR did not think Allies were ready for invasion in Western Europe. They decided to attack Morocco and Algeria.

The Struggle for North Africa Britain was fighting Nazis in Egypt. German forces known as “Africa Corps”, led by Erwin Rommel, “Desert Fox.” Nov American invasion of North Africa began led by Army Gen. Dwight Eisenhower. American forces in Morocco, led by Gen. George Patton, captured Casablanca, then headed East to Tunisia. British forces headed West into Libya to trap Rommel. Battle of Kasserine Pass (Feb.1943)- Americans lose big to Germans (7,000 casualties.) May, 1943: Americans and British force the Germans to surrender in North Africa.

Stalingrad June, 1941: Hitler breaks non-aggression pact and invades Soviet Union. Within 6 months, Soviet military suffered 4.3 million casualties and Germany had captured 3 million Soviet prisoners. May, Hitler ordered Nazi army to invade Stalingrad, city on Volga River that was the heart of Soviet industry with oil fields, farm land, railroad junction, etc. If Germans captured Stalingrad, Soviets would be cut off from resources needed. Hitler ordered the city captured at all costs; no retreat. Fighting was house to house and neighborhood to neighborhood. Heavy casualties on both sides. Nov. 1942, Soviet reinforcements trap 250,000 German troops in Stalingrad. Feb. 1943, 91,000 Germans surrendered. July, 1942-Feb, Red Army: over 1.1 million casualties German Army: 850,000 Casualties