UNIT 13 Part 2: Totalitarian Aggression and U.S. Policy

Japan and Asia Japanese lack natural resources… 1931: Create an “incident” in Manchuria Take military action and set up the puppet state of Manchukuo 1937: Japan attacks China –Japanese brutalities v. Chinese…the “Rape of Nanking”

Headed towards WWII Hitler suspended reparation payments 1935 Germany begins to rearm 1936 German troops move into the Rhineland 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis 1936 Spanish Civil War- Germany and Italy support Spanish right under General Franco “rehearsal for war” General Francisco Franco

1938 “Anschluss”- union of Germany and Austria 1938 Hitler demanded the Sudetenland 1938 Munich Conference- “APPEASEMENT” Chamberlain and Hitler Headed towards WWII

Chamberlain Hitler Mussolini

German Troops in the Sudetenland Signs reads “One People, One Reich, One Fuhrer”

A beaming Neville Chamberlain proudly proclaimed to have achieved “peace in our time…”

Headed towards WWII March 1939 German troops invade Czechoslovakia… August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact September 1939: “blitzkreig” Poland attacked by Germany and Russia- war begins in Europe Russia also takes the Baltic states and attacks Finland

WWII Starts with Nazi invasion of Poland Sept The “Phony War” Nazis overrun Norway, Denmark The Fall of France (1940)

Battle of Britain Gr. Britain ONLY democracy remaining in Europe not under Nazi control “Operation Sea Lion” The battle in the skies (RAF v. Luftwaffe) Hitler gives up…turns to the East…USSR!

U.S. foreign policy An isolationist mood in America: 1.Senate’s rejection of the League of Nations 2.Our own problems: Great Depression

U.S. Isolationism (con’t.) 3.Nye Committee (1935): A.U.S. banks and munitions makers made HUGE profits during WWI…they pushed us into the war…called “merchants of death”

Isolationism (con’t.) Neutrality Acts ( ) Congress passed series of laws to keep us out of future conflicts Terms: embargo on the shipment of all munitions, arms and implements of war to belligerents all indirect war materials (steel, cotton, food, etc.) must be handled on a “cash and carry” basis – they must be taken from the United States on the ships of a belligerent and paid for in cash

U.S. Isolationism (con’t.) FDR’s “Quarantine Speech” (1937) FDR compared aggression around the world to a disease… Said the world’s democracies should quarantine (isolate) aggressive nations as we would a diseased patient

Europe 1941

Hitler in Paris, June 1940

Gr. Britain needs more! American neutrality in the 1930s By 1941, Europe under Nazi control…situation desperate Congress passes Lend-Lease Act

Lend-Lease Act FDR authority to sell, lend, exchange or transfer weapons and other materials to help defend nations vital to U.S. security Example: –FDR traded 50 American destroyers to Gr. Britain for naval bases in the Caribbean