Upper Arm, Elbow, and Forearm Conditions Chapter 12

Anatomy Bones Joints Ligaments Muscles Humerus Radius Ulna Joints Humeroulnar Humeroradial Proximal Radioulnar Ligaments Muscles 23 overlapping muscles provide stability

Humeroulnar Hinge joint Articulation between the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear fossa of the ulna Flexion and extension

Humeroradial Gliding joint Spherical capitellum of the humerus and the proximal radius

Proximal Radioulnar Joint Pivot Joint Head of the radius binded to the radial notch of the ulna by the annular ligament Pronation and supination

Ligaments of the Elbow Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament Anterior Posterior Transverse Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament Lateral Ulnar Collateral Radial Collateral Annular Accessory ligaments

Bursae Subcutaneous olecranon bursa Between the olecranon and the skin surface

Flexion Brachialis (primary mover) Biceps Brachii Brachioradialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Extension Triceps Brachii (primary mover) Anconeus

Pronation Pronator Quadratus (primary mover) Pronator Teres

Supination Supinator (primary Mover) Biceps (when elbow is flexed)

Contusions Contusions Olecranon Bursitis Acute and Chronic Bursitis Septic and Nonseptic Bursitis

Sprains Sprains Anterior Capsulitis Dislocations

Strains Strains Flexor Strains Extensor Strains Compartment Syndrome

Overuse Conditions Medial Epicondylitis Common Extensor Tendinitis (Lateral Epicondylitis) Neural Entrapment Injuries

Fractures Epiphyseal and Avulsion Fractures Stress Fractures Osteochondritis Dessicans Displaced and Undisplaced Fractures