The ways in which an active, healthy lifestyle can affect muscles

Types of muscle Involuntary (smooth muscle) – as in internal organs – not under our conscious control Cardiac – only in heart, also involuntary Skeletal – voluntary muscles used primarily for movement

task On the A3 sheet fill in the major muscle groups on the front and back view diagrams Using your text book p add caption boxes to your diagram describing each muscle and its function, giving a practical example of its movement

Muscles working Muscles work in antagonistic pairs, as one contracts (shortens), the other relaxes (lengthens) Eg biceps/triceps and hamstrings/quadriceps The agonist is also called the prime mover ‘fixator’ muscles are ones which help to stabilise the origin of the prime mover ‘synergist’ muscles are ones that actively help the prime mover Origin – end of muscle attached to non moving (stable) bone – point of origin still at contraction Insertion – end of bone attached to moving bone

Biceps agonist, triceps antagonist Triceps agonist, biceps antagonist Deltoid & trapezius fixators flexion extension Brachialis, synergist

tendons Attach muscle to bones Strong and slightly flexible Help to apply the power needed to move bones Excessively strong contraction can cause damage (tear, rupture) Exercise can strengthen tendons, make them more flexible and less prone to injury

tendonitis Inflammation of the tendon Symptoms – tenderness pain swelling skin warm reduced muscle movement Can be short or long term

How to avoid tendonitis Avoid repetitive movements and overuse Exercise to strengthen surrounding muscles Rest Seek appropriate medical treatment

Treatment of tendonitis Rest  bandage to support and restrict movement Ice packs to ease swelling and pain Anti inflammatory painkillers (ibuprofen) Antibiotics if infection is cause of tendonitis Physiotherapy Steroid injections Surgical release of tendon in extreme cases

Tennis elbow

task Complete muscle function diagrams