Lizzy Menden Savannah Chase Muscle System Lizzy Menden Savannah Chase

Learning Target! Compare skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells and tissue. (knowledge)

True or False! Skeletal is the only type of muscle cell that does not have striations? False! Smooth muscle is the only type of muscle cell that does not have striations. Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle have striations.

Match the Muscle Cell Type to its Description! Smooth Muscle Cells Cardiac Muscle Cells Skeletal Muscle Cells Irregular, Branching 150 µm Cylindrical Up to 30 cm Pointed on Ends 30-200 µm

Multiple Choice! What muscle cell type has multiple nuclei per cell? Smooth Cardiac Skeletal Smooth muscle has 1 nuclei per cell. Cardiac muscle cells have 1-2 nuclei per cell.

Match the Muscle Cell Type to the Contraction Description! Smooth Muscle Cells Cardiac Muscle Cells Skeletal Muscle Cells Involuntary and Slow Voluntary, Quick, and Forceful Involuntary and Rhythmic

Determine the Location of Muscle Cells in the Body! 1. 2. 3. Word Bank: Cardiac Muscle Cell, Skeletal Muscle Cell, Smooth Muscle Cell

Match the Muscle Cell name to the Picture of the Cell! Smooth Muscle Cell Skeletal Muscle Cell Cardiac Muscle Cell 1. 2. 3. Word Bank: Cardiac Muscle Cell, Skeletal Muscle Cell, Smooth Muscle Cell

Match each Muscle Tissue Type with its Function! Anatomy Smooth Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue Physiology Facial expression, allows you to stand upright, aids in skeletal movement, communication, heat production Contraction of hollow internal organs Rhythmic contraction of the heart

Match each Muscle Tissue Type with its Function! Anatomy Connective Tissue Nervous Tissue Blood Physiology Supplies nutrients to the muscle tissue Transmits impulses and messages Forms tendons that attach to bones: holding skeleton together, forms fascia (separates, covers, and holds muscles in place

Learning Target! Identify the major parts of a skeletal muscle and the function of each part. (reasoning)

Sarcolemma Muscle Fiber Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Fascia Fascicle Filaments Nucleus Endomysium Skeletal Muscle MyoFibril Blood Vessel Axon of Neuron Tendon Epimysium Perimysium 4 5 6 7 9 Bone 10 8 3 8 2 6 1 7 11 13 15 12 14 16 11

2 1 5 6 4 3 Word Bank: Sarcomere, Myosin Filament, Myofibril, Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, Actin Filament *Note: #5 is pointing to the larger blue circles; #6 is pointing to the smaller red circles.

Label the Diagram of a Sarcomere! 4 4 line line 5 6 3 2 2 1 Word Bank: I-Band, Z-Line, Sarcomere, Myosin Filament, A-Band, Actin Filament

Nerve cell body Myofibril Axon Axon Branches Motor End Plate Folded Sarcolemma Synaptic Cleft Acetylcholine Synaptic Vesicles Mitochondria 2 3 4 1 9 6 7 10 5 8 Word Bank: Axon Branches, Motor End Plate, Axon, Synaptic Vesicles, Synaptic Cleft, Myofibril, Folded Sarcolemma, Mitochondria, Acetylcholine, Nerve Cell Body

Match the Structures to their Functions in a Muscle Contraction! Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Filaments Mitochondria Synaptic Vesicles Stores acetylcholine Protein strands important during contractions Produces proteins, stores Calcium for contractions Provides energy

Match the Structures to their Functions in a Muscle Contraction! Specialized area of Sarcolemma that receives messages Carries messages towards the myofibril Gap between muscle fiber and axon Chemical that causes a contraction Synaptic Cleft Acetylcholine Axon Motor End Plate

Learning Target! State the source of energy, cause, steps, and final results of a muscle fiber contraction. (knowledge)

Multiple Choice! What chemical is released from a neuron to stimulate a muscle contraction? a. Calcium-Nitrate b. Acetylcholine c. Phosphorus d. Sodium Thiosulfate

Multiple Choice! What is the energy source for a muscle contraction? a. ATP b. Glucose c. Batteries d. DNA

Put the Steps of Skeletal Muscle Contraction in Order! _2__ Myosin-Actin Binding (Actin and Myosin bind using energy from cleaved ATP) _5__ ATP Cleavage (Return to high energy state, cycle will repeat if Calcium is still available) _1__ Action Potential (Action potential releases Acetycholine and Calcium) _4__ ATP Binding and Actin-Myosin Release _3__ Power Stroke (Actin and Myosin slide by each other which shortens the sarcomere and releases ADP + P)

Multiple Choice! What three physical changes take place in skeletal muscle when it contracts? a. Shortens in length b. Increases in length c. Decreases in diameter d. Increases in diameter e. Softens f. Hardens g. It turns red

Fill in the Blank! Muscles cramp because there is a shortage of (water/ATP) causing your muscle to stay contracted. After you die, when your body stiffens due to a sustained muscle contraction, you are suffering from (Rigor mortis/ Muscular dystrophy) which results from a high supply of Calcium ions and a lack of ATP production.

Interpret data from an electomyogram. (skill) Learning Target! Interpret data from an electomyogram. (skill)

True or False! An electromyogram, or EMG, is a graphical recording of electrical activity within muscles. True!

Interpret an EMG Graph! Which letter depicts a muscle contraction? Which letter depicts a muscle at rest? B A A B

Determine the effects of fatigue on muscle action. (skill) Learning Target! Determine the effects of fatigue on muscle action. (skill)

Interpret Data from an Experiment! Trial Number of Actions in 20 Seconds 1 60 2 3 51 4 48 5 41 6 42 7 34 8 21 9 18 10 17 Did fatigue affect the participant in the experiment? Yes or No

Learning Target! Investigate the relationship between bones, tendons, and muscles in producing body movements. (reasoning)

Multiple Choice! What are tendons made of? a. Loose connective tissue b. Stretchy muscle c. Dense connective tissue d. Adipose tissue

False! Tendons attach muscle to bone. True or False! Tendons are important in body movement because they link muscle to muscle. False! Tendons attach muscle to bone.

Multiple Choice! What do ligaments attach? Muscle to tendon Muscle to muscle Bone to muscle Bone to bone

Define the terms action, origin, and insertion. (knowledge) Learning Target! Define the terms action, origin, and insertion. (knowledge)

Matching! Action Origin Insertion When muscle is attached to the relatively immovable end of the bone Abduction of the leg The end of the muscle that is attached to the movable bone

Learning Target! Explain the role of prime movers, antagonists, and synergists in producing body movements. (reasoning)

Fill in the Blank! The muscle known as the (bulk muscle/ prime mover) provides most of the movement.

True or False! Synergists are muscles that assist the prime mover, and antagonists oppose the action of the prime mover. True!

Fill in the Blank! “For every muscle action there is an opposing action.” This is why we say muscles (act like a row boat/ work in pairs). Hint! For the test, be able to explain the phrase “muscles work in pairs.”

Learning Target! Use predetermined criteria and strategies for naming muscles. (reasoning)

Naming Muscles! The Transversus Abdominis is named for its ______________ . Direction The muscle fibers of the Transversus Abdominis run perpendicular to the midline. Rectus and Oblique are also directional terms. Rectus meaning parallel to the midline and Oblique meaning diagonal to the midline. Word Bank: Direction, Location, Shape, Relative Size, Action, Location of Attachments, Number of Origins

Naming Muscles! The Extensor Digitorum is named for its ______________ . Action The Extensor Digitorum is named because it helps perform the action of extending the digits. Levator and Flexor are also action terms. Levator meaning to elevate and Flexor meaning to flex. Word Bank: Direction, Location, Shape, Relative Size, Action, Location of Attachments, Number of Origins

Naming Muscles! The Teres Major is named for its ______________ . Relative Size The Teres Major is named because it is large in comparison to its similar but smaller muscle, the Teres Minor. In addition to Major and Minor, other size terms include Maximus, Minimus, Medius, Longus, and Brevis. Maximus means largest, Minimus means smallest, Longus means longest, and Brevis means shortest. Word Bank: Direction, Location, Shape, Relative Size, Action, Location of Attachments, Number of Origins

Naming Muscles! The Deltoid is named for its _____________. Shape The Deltoid is named because its triangular shape. Rhomboid, Serratus, and Platysma are also shape terms. Rhomboid meaning Diamond shaped, Serratus meaning Saw toothed, and Platysma meaning Flat. Word Bank: Direction, Location, Shape, Relative Size, Action, Location of Attachments, Number of Origins

Naming Muscles! The Biceps Brachii is named for its ______________ . Number of Origins The Biceps Brachii is named because it has two origins. Tri is another term for number of origins meaning three origins. Word Bank: Direction, Location, Shape, Relative Size, Action, Location of Attachments, Number of Origins

Location of attachments Naming Muscles! The Sternocleidomastoid is named for its __________________. Location of attachments The Sternocleidomastoid is named because of its attachment points at the Sternum, Clavicle, and Mastoid Process. Brachio and Radialis are also location of attachments terms. Brachio meaning attached at the upper arm and Radialis meaning attached at the radius. Word Bank: Direction, Location, Shape, Relative Size, Action, Location of Attachments, Number of Origins

Naming Muscles! The Vastus Lateralis is named for its ___________ . Location The Vastus Lateralis is named for its lateral location in the body. Frontalis, Anterior, and Medialis are also location terms. Frontalis means near the frontal bone, Anterior means toward the anterior, and Medialis means located toward the midline. Lateral Midline Word Bank: Direction, Location, Shape, Relative Size, Action, Location of Attachments, Number of Origins

Identify major skeletal muscles and their actions. (reasoning) Learning Target! Identify major skeletal muscles and their actions. (reasoning)

Occipitalis 7 6 8 5 4 9 3 10 2 11 1 12 Frontalis Orbicularis Oculi Corrugator Supercilli Nasalis Orbiculris Oris Depressor Anguli Oris Mentalis Masseter Sternocleido-mastoid Epicranial Aponeurosis Temporalis 7 6 8 5 4 9 3 10 2 11 1 12

Label a Diagram of the Face! 5 6 4 3 7 2 1 Word Bank: Zygomaticius Major, Buccinator, Risorius, Platysma, Levator Labii Superioris, Zygomaticus Minor, Levator Anguli Oris

1 9 5 6 2 7 3 8 4 Word Bank: Trapezius, Deltoid, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Teres Major, Rhomboid Major, Latissimus Dorsi, External Oblique, Levator Scapulae, Supraspinatus

2 3 1 4 Word Bank: Trapezius, Deltoid, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Teres Major, Rhomboid Major, Latissimus Dorsi, External Oblique, Levator Scapulae, Supraspinatus, Internal Oblique

8 15 9 7 10 6 5 11 4 12 3 3 2 13 1 14 Word Bank: Serratus Anterior, Deltoid, Internal Intercostal, Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Linea Alba, External Oblique, Aponeurosis of external Oblique, Transversus Abdominus, Rectus Abdominis, Internal Oblique

Identify the Muscles of the Arm 3 3 Word Bank Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Extensor Carpi Ulnaris 1 4 5 2

Identify the Muscles of the Arm 6 Identify the Muscles of the Arm 4 2 5 Word Bank: Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 1 3

2 6 6 5 1 1 2 3 4 Word Bank: Peroneus Longus, Tibialis Anterior, Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Achilles Tendon, Flexor Digitorum Longus

3 Word Bank: Tensor Fasciae Latae Sartorius Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Iliacus/Psosas Major Pectinius Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis 7 10 1 2 5 11 4 6 9 8

Word Bank: Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Iliotibial Band Biceps Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gracilis Adductor Magnus 3 5 6 1 7 2 8 4 9

Match the Function to the Facial Muscles d Frontalis and Occipitalis Masseter Sternocliedomastoid Epicranial aponeurosis Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Nasalis Zygomaticus Buccinator Orbicularis Oris Platysma Sheetlike Tendon ___ Closes Jaw ___ Compresses Nostrils ___ Raises Corner of mouth ___ Compresses cheeks inward ___ Draws angle of mouth downward ___ Rotates head, Flexes head, Elevates Sternum ___ Closes & protrudes lips ___ Chewing, strongest muscle ___ Raise Eyebrows ___ Closes Eye ___ e g h i k c j b a f

Match the Function to the Torso Muscles Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Major, Teres Minor, Latissimus Dorsi Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major, Pectoralis Minor, Internal Intercostals, Serratus Anterior External Oblique, Rectus Abdominis, Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominis, Sternocliedomastoid Moves the Head Moves the Pectoral Girdle Makes up the Abdominal Wall Moves the Arm

Match the Function to the Arm Muscles Moves the Arm Moves the Forearm Moves the Hand Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Triceps Brachii, Brachioradialis Deltoid, Pectoralis Major Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Match the Function to the Leg Muscles Sartorius, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Sartorius, Biceps Femoris Tibialis Anterior, Soleus, Gastrocnemius Tensor Fasciae Latae, Iliacus/Psoas Major, Pectinius, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Gracilis, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Maximus Moves the thigh Moves Lower Leg Moves Foot

Good Luck!