Last Class 1. ECM components: glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibrous proteins a. GAGs: Hyaluronan; Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate; Heparan sulfate;

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Presentation transcript:

Last Class 1. ECM components: glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibrous proteins a. GAGs: Hyaluronan; Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate; Heparan sulfate; Keratan sulfate b. Fibrous proteins: collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminin 2. basal laminae, neuromuscular junction 3. Cell-ECM interaction, ECM degration 4. ECM receptor, integrins

Cell Junctions, Cell- Cell Adhesions

CrossSection View of Intestine Wall

* * * * * * * *

Tight Junctions Claudins, Occludins ZO Proteins

Tight Junctions as barriers to solute diffusion Electron-dense tracer is added in the apical (B) and basal sides of the cells (C).

Tight Junctions Structures Freeze-fracture EM

Models for Tight Junctions Claudin and occludin

Anchoring Junctions Connecting cytoskeletons

Two Classes of anchoring junctions

Anchoring junctions 1.Adherens junctions (cell-cell) 2.Desmosomes (cell-cell) 3.Focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes (cell-ECM)

Adherens Junctions

Folding of an epithelial sheet to form an epithelial tube

Desmosomes

Focal Adhesion

hemiDesmosomes and desmosomes

Gap Junctions Size of molecules allowed to pass

Gap Junctions

Gap Junctions in EM

Regulation of Gap Junctions Rabbit retina and dopamine treatment Switch between rod and cone photoreceptors Lucifer yellow injection

Gap Junctions Functions 1.Rapid communication between neighboring cells, e.g. cardiomyocytes need synchronized actions 2. Communication beyond nerve system, e.g. hepatocytes beyond sympathetic nerves need to be informed to produce glucose from glycogen 3. Embryogenesis, form specific tissue with coupled group of cells

Summary of cell junctions

Cell-Cell Adhesions

Cell to Tissue mechanism A Simple Model

Cell to Tissue mechanism A More Complex Model Cell adhesion molecules (CAM)

Cell-cell Adhesion cadherins

Cell-cell Adhesion Regulation of cadherins

The distribution of E-cadherin (ectoderm) and N-cadherin (neural tube) in Chick embryo

Three mechanisms of cell-cell adhesions

Cadherin-dependent Cell Sorting

Cadherins are linked to actin filaments

Adherens Junction Formation movie movie

Selectin-mediated cell-cell adhesion (blood cell rolling) E-selectin, L-selectin, P-selectin

White Blood Cell Rolling and Adhesion Movie Movie

Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) Calcium-independent Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily

Summary Diagram non-junctional adhesion proceeds junctional adhesion

Summary 1. Junctions: Occluding Junctions, Anchoring Junctions, Communicating Junctions 2. Occluding Junctions: Tight Junction 3. Anchoring Junctions: adherens Junction 4. Communicating Junctions: Gap Junction 5. Cell-Cell Junction: adherens junction, cadherins

Overview of the Cell Membrane structure and components, membrane proteins, carrier proteins, channel proteins Signaling transduction, ligand-receptor interactions, ion-channels, GPCRs, RTKs, molecular switches (kinase, GTPases), molecular complex formation and signaling integration, signaling desensitization, GPCR, GPCR signaling: cAMP, Calcium (CaM Kinase as memory molecule) RTK, RTK signaling: Ras, PI3K (PLC, Akt, Rac) Protease mediated signaling: NF-kB Cytoskeleton: microtubules, actin, intermediate filament Regulation of microtubules and actin Molecular motors: myosin (Sliding Acto-Myosin filaments ), kinesin Cell migration and its relationship with actin filaments Extracellular matrix: GAG, fibrous proteins (collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminin) Basal laminae, cell-ECM interaction, integrins, cell-cell adhesion (tight junction, adherens junction, gap junction), cadherins