1 Presentation by Abdul Waheed Khan Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information, UNESCO On the occasion of the 10th Jubilee of the Eurasian Teleforum November Moscow, Russian Federation ICT Enhanced Knowledge Sharing: Challenges and Opportunities for Broadcasters

2 Social transformations “Half a hectare of land and one year of labour were required to feed one person in 1900; whereas that same half-hectare now feeds 10 persons on the basis of just one and a half days of labour”. UNESCO Science Report Agricultural Society Industrial Society Knowledge Societies Machines to multiply muscle power Knowledge to multiply brain power

3 UNESCO’s Concept of Knowledge Societies HumanNeedsandRights KnowledgeSocieties Pluralism HumanNeedsandRightsHumanNeedsandRights KnowledgeSocietiesKnowledgeSocieties Pluralism Knowledge Dissemination Knowledge Utilization Knowledge Preservation Knowledge Creation Freedom Inclusiveness Diversity Empowerment

4 Technology Revolution 21st

5 Transistor History I Early computers, such as the ENIAC, used vacuum tubes - similar to light bulbs - to do calculations and took several people to operate. Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors invented by Shockley Bardeen and Brattain at Bell Labs.

6 Transistor History II The first working transistor was shown off in 1947, but was only revealed to the public six months later. The first commercial product to contain a transistor was the Sonotone 1010 hearing aid, released five years after the transistor was invented.

7 Transistor History III The invention of the transistor ushered in the development of the integrated circuit,- the forerunner of today's silicon chips. The first demonstration was made by Jack Kilby in 1958 In 1965 Intel co-founder Moore, predicted that the number of transistors on a chip would double every year.

8 Transistor History IV Today's chips contain millions of transistors and are used in everything from mobile phones and computers to cars and planes. The steady increase in power of silicon chip ushered in a new era of personal computing, with machines such as the Apple 1 being built by enthusiastic hobbyists.

9 Divides Knowledge Divide or Digital Divide Access to knowledge Prosperity Globalization Inclusion Limited access to knowledge Poverty Marginalization Exclusion

10  Increased capacity and processing speed  Reduced size and costs  Versatile software tools for creating, create, edit and remixing  Reduced time to edit, compile, store and retrieve content  More efficient content preservation, storage and reuse  Easier information sourcing for programmes (online sources)  Increased multi-platform transmission and distribution between locations, service providers and users  Decrease in cost and increase of quality of consumer technology devises (audio, photo, monitors and video) Technological Trends

11 New Media and Traditionnel Broadcasters I  Non-linear productions system (computer and software based) with greater cost efficiency, rapidity and distributed production potential  Local crews equipped with digital video (DV) equipment: with greater cost effectiveness and rapid deployment  Computerized news rooms with increased efficiency  Non-destructive editing potentials with digital technologies  Efficient digital retrieval and archival systems

12 New Media and Traditionnel Broadcasters II  Increased product marketing possibility (CD, DVD etc) with minimal multiplying costs  Increased audience participation in talk-back programmes, e.g. through increased number of mobile phones  Easier and cheaper access to international satellite uplinks  Enhanced online presence of broadcasters on the Internet, mobile phones, etc.  Increased production outsourcing potential due to digital technologies and independent production groups  Visually improved programmes through use of computer based animations

13 X X Lean backLean forwardOn the move X Transformation of programme consumption:  From stationary to online and mobile  From media types to audience situation Audience Context  Technology convergence accelerates transformation of audience situations  Broadcaster’s response: Multiplatform delivery

14 New Consumption Patterns My time access to broadcast material online Podcasting Consumption: from ”real time” to ”my time”

15 User Generated Content  Explosion of user-generated content  Content creation outside of professional routines and practices  Broadcasters increasingly encourage user generated content (e.g.: BBC, CNN, Video Nation, Video Gag)  Social spaces facilitate content creation (e.g.: YouTube, My Space, Facebook)  Motivating/enabling factors: –Connecting with peers, achieving fame, and expressing oneself –Improvement of consumer electronics –Increased bandwidth to connect with broadcasters  But: user-generated content is no substitute to professional content

16 Future of Professional Broadcasting Need for reliable content keeps broadcaster indispensable:  Professional approach to content creation  Respect of editorial ethics and practices  Need to assure credibility of information to ensure institutional or commercial market share  Motivation factors: –Audience share –User gratification –Diversification of professional content –Diversification of service

17 Content Perspectives  Knowledge creation and dissemination as potentially powerful niche  Areas of enhanced content creation: –Education: Distance education linking traditional broadcasting (Radio/TV) and new technologies (handhelds/cell phones) –Science: Dissemination of science content (e.g related to climate change) for awareness raising –Culture: Use of traditional and new media to enhance dialogue and mutual understanding (“Power of Peace Network”)

18 Abdul Waheed Khan