Environmental Monitoring Methods SOURCES Concentrations in media (external dose) Emission rates SOURCES Concentrations in media (external dose) Emission.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Use of Pollen in Plant Biomonitoring of Air Pollution Introduction Numerous studies have been devoted to the impact of air pollutants on pollens but in.

Advertisements

ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT BIOINDICATORS: THE ECOMAN PROJECT A multi-biomarker approach to ecosystem management Malcolm B. Jones Rebecca Brown, Mark Browne,

Lipid Peroxidation 1 st Year MBBS Lipid Peroxidation refers to the oxidative degradation of lipids.oxidativelipids It is the process in which.

AGEING CAN BE DEFINED AS THE PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF FUNCTION ACCOMPANIED BY DECREASING FERTILITY AND INCREASING MORTALITY.

Water quality related research at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prof. Jim Readman.

2nd IeCAB symposium June Mohamed M. Ibrahim 1* and Sameera O. Bafeel 2 1 Science Department ( Biology section), Teacher's College, King.

Indicator Species. What is an indicator species? A species whose presence, absence or abundance reflects a specific environmental condition, habitat or.

BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF OXYGEN

A New Perspective for Coral Health Assessment From the Tool Box to the Tool Kit Cheryl M. Woodley NOAA NOS NCCOS Charleston, SC Craig A. Downs EnVirtue.

Goals  Determine which chemicals present (or potentially present) in the Lake Champlain basin would cause detrimental effects  Determine the pathways.

Food from the Ocean Potential risks to human health.

Oxidants and Aging Rolf J. Mehlhorn Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Current and Emerging Paradigms in Environmental Toxicology Lecture 2.

Heavy metals contribute to oxidative stress in algae Enue Sicairos Fresh Water and Marine Algae.

What Do Toxicologists Do?

The Chemostat Continuous culture devices are a means of maintaining cell populations in exponential growth for long periods. In a chemostat, the rate at.

Oxidative Stress.

A Brief Review by: Akbar Tahir Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries University of Hasanuddin Marine coastal pollution: causes, effects and management.

Cell Injury Cell and Tissue Adaptation Necrosis and Apoptosis Dr. Raid Jastania.

Cell Injury and Cell Death

HOW MUCH DOES OZONE THERAPY NEED A REAL BIOCHEMICAL CONTROL SYSTEM? THE OXIDATIVE STRESS IMPORTANCE AND ASSESMENT FRANK HERNÁNDEZ Ozone Research Center.

By Simona Daniela Morhan. Introduction Diabetes- very high level of glucose in the body that causes deregulation of the metabolism. Oxidative stress-

TRAINING FOR THE HEALTH SECTOR

Exposure of Adult Male Rats to Cadmium: Assessment of Sexual Behaviour, Fertility, Aggression as well as Anxiety like Behaviour with Special Reference.

Šuteková Eva and Jakub Hofman RECETOX, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 126/3, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic

Biomarkers Biomarkers - markers in biological systems with a sufficently long half-life which allow location where in the biological system change occur.

The most important structural feature of an atom for determining behaviour is the number of electrons in the outer shell. A substance that has a full.

Free radicals and Antioxidants. Objectives  Basics of Redox Chemistry.  Heterolytic and Homolytic fission.  Free Radical meaning.  Important characteristics.

“Other” detoxication mechanisms P-glycoprotein: ATP-dependent carrier that removes molecules from cells Multidrug resistance associated protein MDR Multispecific.

MAIN TOXICITY TESTING. TESTING STRATEGIES A number of different types of data are used in order to establish the safety of chemical substances for use.

صدق الله العظيم الروم ـ 54 Visible light and infra red RADIATION Non-ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation Particulate Alpha-, Beta-particles & Neutrons.

Luděk Bláha, PřF MU, RECETOX BIOMARKERS AND TOXICITY MECHANISMS 07 – Mechanisms Oxidative stress.

Comparison between ECAP indicators and what EMODnet can offer in the Mediterranean Sea Intro Oostende, Belgium, 21st September 2015 Giordano Giorgi*, in.

Starter Paramecium is a common freshwater Protista, found in ponds or slow-moving streams. 1. Discuss the relationship between osmosis and contractile.

1.Chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 2. Sources, defense mechanisms and pathological consequences 3. A survey of pathological conditions connected.

Air Pollution What controls the level? –Amount of pollutants entering the air. –Amount of space into which the pollutants are dispersed. –Mechanisms that.

Biological monitoring

POLLUTION BY XENOBIOTICS : BIOMARKERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF POLLUTION EFFECTS Ibon Cancio EUSKALHERRIKOUNIBERTSITATEA UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY.

Francesca Sanna – 12/ Roma – IMEKOFOODS Water thermal pollution – Francesca Sanna – EMPIR Call 2016 Water thermal pollution metrology for biomarker.

Interpreting ecological effects; Ecological risk assessment 1.) biomonitoring - using biological systems to evaluate status of ecosystem (a.) exposure.

Cell Aging. Aging is generally characterized by the declining ability to respond to stress, increasing homeostatic imbalance and increased risk of aging-associated.

MONITORING POLLUTION IN MARINE & FRESHWATER USING MUSSELS, THREE SPINED STICKLEBACK & qPCR Kneller C, Baker PJ, Miller B Redshaw J and Craft JA.

EHS 507 Food Exposures: Fruits and Vegetables  Fruits and vegetables may become contaminated by multiple pathways –Purposeful spraying or soil treatment.

Twelfth lecture PROTECTIONREPAIRREGENERATION GENETICS Reduce concentration of reactive intermediates Restore molecular function Stimulate proliferation.

Effect based monitoring tools Conclusions from Swedish workshop (January 2011) Ann-Sofie Wernersson (SE) Mario Carere (IT)

Part 1b Part 1b NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND POPULATIONS; BASIC CONCEPTS OF EXPOSURE, DOSE AND RISK.

Oxidant Mechanisms in Response to Ambient Air Particles Beatriz González-Flecha Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Boston,

Food environment Relations between and. FOOD CHAIN.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.

________ 2H 2 O > 2H 2 O + O 2 2H + + 2O > H 2 O 2 Free radical- A highly reactive molecule that has _____________ electrons Can.

METABOLISM OF OXYGEN AND FREE RADICALS. Oxygen acts as a substrate for approx. 200 enzymes. Based on the enzyme mechanism we discriminate: OXIDASES OXYGENASES.

Jerrold J. Heindel PhD Acting Chief Cellular Organ and Systems Pathobiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes.

Marta Ferreira CIIMAR/CIMAR Oxidative stress biomarkers in aquatic species, and applications in environmental monitoring July 2010 Reis-Henriques, M.A.

MEASUREMENT OF TOXICITY By, Dr. M. David Department of Zoology, Karnatak University Dharwad.

AHMED K. SALAMA AND OMRAN A. OMRAN Medical Laboratories Dept., Faculty of Science, Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1434 H This report is based.

Lipid Peroxidation.

06 – Mechanisms Oxidative stress

Claudette Kellar Research Summit August 2016

Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, CPUT

Is atherosclerosis a metabolic disease?

Environmental Toxicology

Mechanism of Cell Injury

Plymouth Environmental Research Centre

Do reactive oxygen species play a role in myeloid leukemias?

Cells have thousands of different types of enzymes.

Models for Assessing and Forecasting the Impact of Environmental Key

Chapter 18a The Endocrine System

Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Skin Disease

What is environmental toxicology ?

Semi-Permeable Membrane Devices (SPMD)

Presentation transcript:

Environmental Monitoring Methods SOURCES Concentrations in media (external dose) Emission rates SOURCES Concentrations in media (external dose) Emission rates INDICATORS OF EXPOSURE Bioaccumulation markers Biomarkers of exposure INDICATORS OF EXPOSURE Bioaccumulation markers Biomarkers of exposure INDICATORS OF EFFECTS Biomarkers of effects Injury Population & Community parameters INDICATORS OF EFFECTS Biomarkers of effects Injury Population & Community parameters Chemical monitoring Bioaccumulation & Biological effect monitoring Biological effect, Health & ecosystem monitoring Environmental factors modifying exposure Environmental factors modifying exposure Environmental factors modifying susceptibility Environmental factors modifying susceptibility Other causes

Major Processes in Pollutant Impact Contaminant Mixtures Particulates Speciation, Binding & Transport Toxicity & Cell injury Physicochemical Behavior, Activation & Detoxication Exposure Biomarkers Pathological Endpoints Prognostic Biomarkers Ecological Impact Mortality, Reduced Fecundity Increased Susceptibility to Other Stresses & Loss of Diversity Human Health Impact Toxicity & Diseases via food chain UV & Visible Radiation UV & Visible Radiation Uptake Import by adsorptive Endocytosis & Phagocytosis Uptake Trans-Membrane Diffusion

Biological Effects & Ecological Relevance Physical factors & Biological Agents Pollutant Chemicals & Radionuclides Molecular & Cellular TissueOrgansIndividual animal SHORT TERMLONG TERM Biological Complexity, Response Time & Biological Significance EARLY BIOMARKER SIGNALS LATER EFFECTS

Environmental Pollutants Lethal effects Sublethal effects Changes in enzyme activities Damage to DNA, proteins & membrane lipids & membrane lipids Effects on behavioral, reproductive reproductive & immunological activities Environmental Pollutants & Effects to Organisms

Mussels: Bioindicators for Aquatic Pollution Freshwater Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems Sentinel Species Bioindicators Biomonitoring Wide geographical distribution Easy to collect Filter-feeding organisms Bioconcentrate xenobiotics Easily transferred from control to contaminated areas

Chemical Pollutants & Oxidative Stress ROS Organic & Inorganic Pollutants Organic & Inorganic Pollutants Aquatic Organisms Aquatic Organisms Polyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Organochlorine & Organophoshate pesticides Polychlorinated biphenyls Aromatic diols Quinones Nitroaromatics Aromatic hydroxylamines Dioxins Bipyridyls Transition metal chelates Redox Potential Molecular Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress Molecular Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress Lipid Peroxidation Enzyme Activities DNA Damage Protein Degradation * ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species

ROS & biochemical & physiological responses in cells of aquatic organisms LipidPeroxidation Anthropogeni c activities Environmental factors MT CA T PUFAs SO D Organic pollutants Solar radiatio n Temperature Salinity Μ n+ Metal transport Metal complexation Ions diffusion Ο2─Ο2─ Metal competition Metals Μ n+ Oxidative DNA damage Proteindamage Changes in Enzyme activities ΗΟ  Η2Ο2Η2Ο2 Ο2─Ο2─ Proteins Η2Ο2Η2Ο2

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) SOD

Catalase (CAT) CAT

Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) Initiation Propagation Termination Inhibition Antioxidants OxidizedAntioxidants Degradation of Lipid Peroxides Aldehydes and other products Biomarkers of Oxidative stress LH: lipid substrate L: lipid radical LOOH: lipid hydroperoxide LOO: lipid peroxyl radical NRP: nonradical product

Oxidative Stress in Mussels from the Saronikos gulf (Greece) 3 polluted sites (1, 2, 3) in the Saronikos gulf Reference site (4) “Clean” marine farm PAHs Metals (Fe,Cd,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb) Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Sampling at 4 seasons Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity Catalase (CAT) activity Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) levels Measurements of PAHs and Metal concentrations in mussel tissues revealed elevated levels of chemical pollution at Sites 1 & 2 Measurements of PAHs and Metal concentrations in mussel tissues revealed elevated levels of chemical pollution at Sites 1 & 2

Representative chart for PAHs concentrations in mussel tissues

Results for SOD activity

Results for CAT activity

Results for Lipid Peroxidation levels

Conclusions Pollution in coastal waters of Saronikos gulf Pollution in coastal waters of Saronikos gulf causes moderate levels of oxidative stress causes moderate levels of oxidative stress in tissues of mussels in tissues of mussels The biomarkers of SOD, CAT & LPO are suitable The biomarkers of SOD, CAT & LPO are suitable for appraising the seawater quality for appraising the seawater quality and can be used as cost effective test system for Environmental Risk Assessment

Factors that affect biomarker responses of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms Biomarker Responses Biomarker Responses Health condition Sex Age Nutritional status Metabolic activities Migratory behavior Reproductive & Developmental status Population density Season Ambient temperature Heterogeneity of the Environmental Pollution