What is Leadership? Leadership is the process of influencing people and providing an environment for them to achieve team or organizational objectives. Courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.

What is your leadership potential Leadership readiness score: add 1-5 Leadership style: Task emphasis 7+9; relationship emphasis: 6 +8 Strength of preference Leadership style adaptability: Item 10

Leaders and Managers: Distinguishing Their Roles Establish organizational mission Leader’s Job Formulate Strategy for implementing mission Implement organizational strategy Manager’s Job

Perspectives of Leadership Competency Perspective Leadership Perspectives Behaviour Perspective Romance Perspective Transformational Perspective Contingency Perspective

Behavioural Perspective Seven Leadership Competencies 1. Drive 2. Leadership motivation 3. Integrity 4. Self-confidence 5. Intelligence 6. Knowledge of the business 7. Emotional intelligence

Leader Behaviour Perspective People-oriented behaviours Showing mutual trust and respect Concern for employee needs Desire to look out for employee welfare Task-oriented behaviours Assign specific tasks Ensure employees follow rules Push employees to reach peak performance

Path-Goal Leadership Styles Directive Task-oriented behaviours Supportive People-oriented behaviours Participative Encouraging employee involvement Achievement-oriented Using goal setting and positive self-fulfilling prophecy

Path-Goal Leadership Model Employee Contingencies Leader Behaviours Directive Supportive Participative Achievement-oriented Leader Effectiveness Motivated employees Satisfied employees Leader acceptance Environmental Contingencies

Path-Goal Contingencies Directive Supportive Participative Achievement Employee Contingencies Skill/Experience low low high high Locus of Control external external internal internal Environmental Contingencies Directive Supportive Participative Achievement Task Structure nonroutine routine nonroutine ? Team Dynamics –ve norms low cohesion +ve norms ?

Leadership Substitutes Conditions that limit a leader’s influence or make a particular leadership style unnecessary. Examples: Training and experience replace directive leadership Cohesive team replaces supportive leadership Self-leadership replaces achievement-oriented leadership

Transformational v. Transactional Leaders Transformational leaders Leading — changing the organization to fit the environment Develop, communicate, enact a vision Transactional leaders Managing — linking job performance to rewards Ensure employees have necessary resources Apply contingency leadership theories

Transformational Leadership Elements Building Commitment Creating a Vision Transformational Leadership Modelling the Vision Communicating the Vision

Romance Perspective of Leadership Attributing Leadership Romance Perspective of Leadership Need for Situational Control Stereotyping Leadership

Gender Issues in Leadership Male and female leaders have similar task- and people-oriented leadership. Participative leadership is used more often by female leaders. Women rated less favourably than equivalent male leaders due to stereotyping.