Organized by UNEP DTIE sponsored by InWent Training Programme for Capacity Building in Cleaner Production Centers Sustainable Consumption & Production: Making the Connection Integrating Sustainable Consumption & Production What is Sustainable Consumption & Production. Need for a practical approach.

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Objectives improve participants understanding of how sustainable consumption and production are interrelated. demonstrate the tools and strategies that are available to address this. support participants in identifying opportunities for leveraging sustainable consumption and production in their activities.

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Outline Sustainable Consumption Cleaner Production Integrating Consumption and Production Stakeholder engagement and future directions

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics What is Sustainable Consumption? “…the use of services and products which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as to not jeopardize the needs of future generations.” UN CSD, 1995

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Sustainable Consumption is... more than “consuming green” meeting basic needs about changing patterns, not “doing without” responsible consumption consuming differently, efficiently !!

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Consumption Optimisation Different consumption –what changes in choices and infrastructure will satisfy consumer demand more sustainability? Conscious consumption –How can consumers increase their quality of life by “choosing and using” more wisely? Appropriate consumption –Are consumption levels sustainable? Is consumption the best way to achieve every type of quality of life?

Mixed messages from consumers … I’d like to end poverty, stop violence and racism, and get rid of pollution. Everyone should be equal. I want to dress in the nicest clothes, drive a great car, talk on the latest mobile phone, and watch my brand new DVD

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Driving Forces that Influence Consumption Economic: economic growth, disposable income and prices, Demographics: single-person households, longer/healthier lifetimes Social: lifestyle and cultural tastes for diversity, individualism, working/leisure hours. Education, Media and Information: environmental awareness. Existing technology and infrastructure, available products and services. Policy framework: economic instruments, regulations and social tools.

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics ProactiveReactive Cleaner Production Recycling Treatment Dilution Sustainable Development Sustainable Consumption improving efficiencies of current production processes with an eye to product changes money spent on environment is an expense not an investment, no economic return using byproducts on/off site so that waste being disposed of is minizised striving to change the way in which needs are met to reduce environmental impacts GOAL Needs - opportunity – ability model of consumer behaviour

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Consumption & Production: Different Terms …Different Concepts? Voluntary simplicity Leapfrog change

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics What is Cleaner Production? “ Cleaner Production is the continuous application of an integrated environmental strategy to processes, products, and services to increase overall efficiency, and reduce risks to humans and the environment. Cleaner production can be applied to the processes used in any industry, to products themselves and to various services provided in society”

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics What Cleaner Production means for… Production processes: conserving raw materials, water and energy; eliminating toxic and dangerous raw materials; reducing the quantity and toxicity of all emissions and wasters at source during the production process. Products: reducing the environmental, health and safety impacts of products through their entire life cycle, from raw materials extraction, throughout manufacturing and use to the “ultimate” disposal of the product. Services: incorporating environmental concerns into designing and delivering services.

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Cleaner Production in action For companies, cleaner production is implemented via: factory and site Cleaner Production audits improved maintenance and operational practices equipment modification increased recycling change to cleaner technologies better product design

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Cleaner Production example : Nicaraguan beverage company (PEPSICO) undertook a Cleaner Production Assessment working closely with the 260 employees and found that product loss was almost 80% due to mechanical problems - 20% of which were housekeeping measures. Measures taken: Water conservation reduced water loss by 50% Energy efficiency solutions resulted in 12% reduction in refrigeration, 40% reduction in air conditioning, overal fuel costs reduced by 30% On going training of employees reduced bottle breaking by 30% savings of $26,000/year, and established an atmosphere supportive for looking for continual improvements.

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Sustainable Production There is no Sustainable Consumption without and vice versa

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Consumption Process-Focused Consumption and Production Production

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics A Systems Look at Sustainable Consumption and Production ConsumptionProduction

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Consumption and production: integrated issue “Consumers are increasingly interested in the world that lies behind the products. They want to know how and where and by whom the products have been produced.” “This increasing awareness is a sign of hope. Business and governments must build on that.” Klaus Toepfer, UNEP Executive Director

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Life Cycle Thinking Klaus Toepfer … implies that everyone in the whole chain of a product’s life cycle, from cradle to grave, has a responsibility and a role to play, taking into account all the relevant external effects.”

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Engineering view of processes to meet human needs 1.

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Need for Integrated Approach Increasing resource use efficiency (technological innovation, better management, alternative materials, etc.) to meet the basic needs Reduce material and energy density of consumption Promoting sustainable development (economic, social and environmental)

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Manufacturing System Schematic Inputs Labor Time Energy Capital Materials Proce ss Outputs Product Scrap Heat Packaging Waste Facility level Process Flow Map

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Production Chain Schematic Examples of strategies to improve resource productivity I Extraction of Raw materials Processing Industry Cleaner processing and energy technology Manufacturer of finished products Cleaner processing and energy technology More emphasis on material with a favorable life course Less material per unit Larger share of materials from recycling industry Better moduling of components Cleaner processing and energy technology

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Cleaner and more effective transport Possibly spread Production Re-use of transport packaging Rationalize link between goods or Services and consumer (computer shopping) Better utilization of energy More re-use and recycling A large share of the total consumption should refer to service More “sharing” More systematic Recycling New materials technology DistributionConsumption Waste Management Production Chain Schematic Examples of strategies to improve resource productivity II

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics ProductionConsumptionProducts Production Consumption Consumption and Production - A Complex System

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics New approach for development Example of mobility Needs: to be able to reach places easily, timely and comfortably Environmental impacts (life-cycle): land use for road, material use in making automobiles, roads and related facilities, energy consumption and pollution emission, automobile wastes, etc. New approaches: urban planing (location of residents, commercial and leisure services), public transport, cleaner fuels, design for efficiency and recycling, telecommunication (working from home, tele- conferencing, on-line shopping), diversity of leisure activities Actors: government, financial institutes, automobile manufacturers, public transport services, leisure service companies, IT industry, etc.

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Sustainable Consumption and Production: a role for ALL Sustainable consumption and production is a common responsibility of Governments, Industry, Consumers and Mass media.

UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Future directions... Encompasses entire consumption and production system with a life cycle perspective Includes stages upstream and downstream of targeted area Focuses on minimising impacts of entire system Includes interventions that influence consumption patterns (e.g, PSS, product information and product design) Involves wide range of stakeholders Covers both policy as well as techno- managerial aspects