CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 High Energy High Intensity Hadron Beams Network coordinated by W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 CARE-HHH network Coordinate and integrate the activities of the accelerator and particle physics communities in a worldwide context, towards achieving superior High-Energy High-Intensity Hadron Beam facilities for Europe  road map for the upgrade of the European accelerator infrastructure (LHC and GSI accelerator complex)  coordinate activities and foster future collaborations  dissemination and outreach WP1: Advancements in Accelerator Magnet Technologies (AMT) WP2: Novel Methods for Accelerator Beam Instrumentation (ABI) WP3: Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design (APD) Participating institutes: CEA, CERN, CSIC-CIEMAT, CCLRC, DESY, GSI, INFN, PSI, TEU, WUT Associated institutes: CRPP, ENEA, TUBE, ESRF, UPSA, FZK, TEMF, US-LARP (BNL,FNAL,LBNL,SLAC), JINR, IHEP, KEK Additional collaborations: Texas A&M U., U. Geneva, U. Bologna

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 activities in 2007 Events: 5 HHH workshops & 2 workshops ready to go in November 07 2 HHH-US-LARP coordination meetings 1 GSI-CERN CARE meeting Dissemination and outreach: 6 workshop proceedings completed 1 invited and 1 contributed talk, and 9 papers presented at PAC07 7 presentations at LHC-detector upgrade workshops/symposia/meetings 2 seminars at SLAC and LBNL, 3 CERN & INFN management meetings, 3 departmental/project seminars 4 articles in CERN Bulletin & CERN Courier & 3 HHH notes HHH web sites maintained & developed Exchanges and education: several Russian, 2 US, 1 EU accelerator physicist, 3 representatives of European industry supported for HHH workshops 1 EU scientist supported for 2-week visit to CERN 5 doctoral students & 3 EU summer students recruited for summer 2007

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 workshops in th CARE-HHH-ABI workshop on Simulation of BPM Front-End Electronics and Special Mechanical Designs, Lüneburg, Germany, 30 November - 1 December 2006, Proceedings CARE-Conf HHH 4th CARE-HHH-ABI workshop on Simulation of BPM Front-End Electronics and Special Mechanical Designs, Lüneburg, Germany, 30 November - 1 December 2006, Proceedings CARE-Conf HHH Joint CARE-HHH-APD, CARE-ELAN, and EUROTeV mini-workshop on E-Cloud Clearing (ECL2), CERN, Geneva, 1-2 March 2007, Proceedings CARE-Conf HHH Joint CARE-HHH-APD, CARE-ELAN, and EUROTeV mini-workshop on E-Cloud Clearing (ECL2), CERN, Geneva, 1-2 March 2007, Proceedings CARE-Conf HHH CARE-HHH-APD mini-workshop on Crystal Channeling for Large Colliders: Machine and Physics Applications (CC-2007), CERN, March 2007 CARE-HHH-APD mini-workshop on Crystal Channeling for Large Colliders: Machine and Physics Applications (CC-2007), CERN, March 2007 US-LARP CARE-HHH mini-workshop on beam-beam compensation, SLAC, USA, 2-4 July 2007, US-LARP CARE-HHH mini-workshop on beam-beam compensation, SLAC, USA, 2-4 July 2007, CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade and LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade including Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium and CERN-GSI Meeting (BEAM'07), CERN, Geneva, 1-5 October, 2007 CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade and LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade including Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium and CERN-GSI Meeting (BEAM'07), CERN, Geneva, 1-5 October, 2007 CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade and LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade including Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium and CERN-GSI Meeting (BEAM'07) CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade and LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade including Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium and CERN-GSI Meeting (BEAM'07) READY TO GO CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on Interaction Regions for the LHC Upgrade, DAFNE and SuperB (IR'07), INFN Frascati, Italy, 7-9 November 2007 CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on Interaction Regions for the LHC Upgrade, DAFNE and SuperB (IR'07), INFN Frascati, Italy, 7-9 November 2007 CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on Interaction Regions for the LHC Upgrade, DAFNE and SuperB (IR'07) CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on Interaction Regions for the LHC Upgrade, DAFNE and SuperB (IR'07) CARE-HHH-AMT Workshop on Heat Generation & Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG), Paris, France, November, 2007 CARE-HHH-AMT Workshop on Heat Generation & Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG), Paris, France, November, 2007 CARE-HHH-AMT Workshop on Heat Generation & Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG) CARE-HHH-AMT Workshop on Heat Generation & Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG)

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 major presentations INFN CSN1 Meeting, Frascati, 28 November “H8-RD22 Experiment to test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. Scandale LHCb Upgrade Workshop, Edinburgh, 11 January, “LHC Upgrade Plan and Ideas - Scenarios and Constraints from the Machine Side,” invited talk, F. Zimmermann Joint AB & LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 18 January “Baseline Scenario for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade, summary of the CARE-HHH LHC- LUMI-06 workshop” W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann ATLAS & CMS Detector Electronics Upgrade Workshop, CERN, March “Two Scenarios for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade” W. Scandale LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 15 March “H8-RD22 Experiment to Test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. Scandale Beam-Beam Compensation Workshop, SLAC 2-4 July ‘07 - W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann, Head-On Compensation in LHCHead-On Compensation in LHC - F. Zimmermann, Beam-Beam Effects for LHC and LHC Upgrade ScenariosBeam-Beam Effects for LHC and LHC Upgrade Scenarios - F. Zimmermann, Open Issues from the SPS Long-Range ExperimentsOpen Issues from the SPS Long-Range Experiments - J.-P. Koutchouk, Beam-Beam Aspect of a Possible Early-Separation SchemeBeam-Beam Aspect of a Possible Early-Separation Scheme, and two other presentations - U. Dorda, Technological Issues of Wire Compensators, and two other presentationsTechnological Issues of Wire Compensators

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 PAC07 presentations PAC07, Albuquerque, June, ‘07 ORAL - F. Zimmermann, LHC Upgrade Scenarios - - W. Scandale, Observation of Proton Reflection on Bent Silicon Crystals at the CERN SPSObservation of Proton Reflection on Bent Silicon Crystals at the CERN SPS POSTERS - E. Todesco, R. W. Assmann, R. de Maria, J.-P. Koutchouk, E. Metral, G. Sterbini, F. Zimmermann, A Concept for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade Based on Strong Beta* Reduction Combined with a Minimized Geometrical Luminosity Loss FactorA Concept for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade Based on Strong Beta* Reduction Combined with a Minimized Geometrical Luminosity Loss Factor - E. Todesco, B. Bellesia, J.-P. Koutchouk, C. Santoni, Estimating Field Quality in Low-beta Superconducting Quadrupoles and its Impact on Beam StabilityEstimating Field Quality in Low-beta Superconducting Quadrupoles and its Impact on Beam Stability - M. Aiba, M. Chanel, U. Dorda, R. Garoby, J.-P. Koutchouk, M. Martini, E. Metral, Y. Papaphilippou, W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann, V. Shiltsev, G. Franchetti, Space-Charge Compensation Options for the LHC Injector Complex,Space-Charge Compensation Options for the LHC Injector Complex - U. Dorda, F. Zimmermann, W. Fischer, V. Shiltsev, LHC Beam-Beam Compensation Using Wires and Electron LensesLHC Beam-Beam Compensation Using Wires and Electron Lenses - R. Calaga, U. Dorda, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann, K. Akai, K. Ohmi, K. Oide, Small Angle Crab Compensation for LHC IR UpgradeSmall Angle Crab Compensation for LHC IR Upgrade - K. Ohmi, R. Calaga, W. Hofle, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann, Beam-Beam Effect with an External Noise in LHCBeam-Beam Effect with an External Noise in LHC - E. Benedetto, G. Rumolo, D. Schulte, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann, G. Franchetti, K. Ohmi, M. Pivi, T. Raubenheimer, W. Fischer, K. Sonnad, J.-L. Vay, Modeling Incoherent Electron Cloud EffectsModeling Incoherent Electron Cloud Effects

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 other key presentations HCP2007 Elba, 29 May 2007 W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann, Scenarios for sLHC and vLHC (slides),Scenarios for sLHC and vLHC(slides) ALICE Seminar, 30 April 2007 W. Scandale, H8-RD22 Experiment: Progress on Ion Beam Focusing with Bent Crystals,H8-RD22 Experiment: Progress on Ion Beam Focusing with Bent Crystals IoP Half-Day Meeting on Super-LHC, Liverpool 27 June 2007 J.-P. Koutchouk, LHC Accelerator Upgrade,LHC Accelerator Upgrade Meeting on Machine-Experiment Interface Issues for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade, 24 July 2007 F. Zimmermann, W. Scandale, LHC Machine Upgrade Parameters,LHC Machine Upgrade Parameters

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 deliverables & milestones deliverables 2004: HHH & HHH-APD web site => OK 2005: creation of first web-based beam dynamics code repository => OK : web based database for s.c. cables and magnets => OK, 2007: web based database for s.c. cables and magnets => OK, web reference for IR optics => OK booster synchrotron optics => delayed to 2008 structured list of intensity limits => nearing completion scaling laws for magnet and cryogenic cost => summer student 2 summer students + 1 doctoral student

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 recent publications J.-P. Koutchouk, L. Rossi, E. Todesco, A Solution for Phase-One Upgrade of the LHC Low-Beta Quadrupoles Based on Nb-Ti, April 2007, CARE- Note HHHA Solution for Phase-One Upgrade of the LHC Low-Beta Quadrupoles Based on Nb-Ti W. Scandale et al, High-Efficiency Volume Reflection of an Ultrarelativistic Proton Beam with a Bent Silicon Crystal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, , CARE-pub (2007)High-Efficiency Volume Reflection of an Ultrarelativistic Proton Beam with a Bent Silicon Crystal O. Brüning, R. De Maria, R. Ostojic, Low Gradient, Low Gradient, Large Aperture IR Upgrade Options for the LHC Compatible with Nb-Ti Magnet Technology, CARE-Note HHHLow Gradient, Large Aperture IR Upgrade Options for the LHC Compatible with Nb-Ti Magnet Technology R. Garoby, M. Benedikt, A. Fabich, F. Gerigk, Comparison of Options for the Injector of PS2, CERN-AB , CARE-Note HHHComparison of Options for the Injector of PS2 G. Sterbini, D. Tommasini, J.-P. Koutchouk, Layout VERSION 1 for the Early Separation Scheme in ATLAS, AT-MCS Internal Note AT-MCS Internal Note

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 WP1: Advancements in Accelerator Magnet Technologies (AMT)

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 Superconductors Database (SDB) database structure complete database structure complete web interfaces complete web interfaces complete since January’07 collaboration with FNAL and BNL on magnet & cable data sharing since January’07 collaboration with FNAL and BNL on magnet & cable data sharing automatic tools, which import data from existing databases, e.g., for LHC, Tevatron and RHIC, to SDB core => OK automatic tools, which import data from existing databases, e.g., for LHC, Tevatron and RHIC, to SDB core => OK existing data incorporated in the DB existing data incorporated in the DB Courtesy E. Laface

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 SDB example SDB example Courtesy E. Laface

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 SDB example SDB example Courtesy E. Laface

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 AMT activity OSOM AMT activity OSOM design of 2 T pulsed superferric magnet, accordingly to indications of the CARE-HHH workshop ECOMAG 06 cable and coil in the iron configured to minimize loss; conceptual design that dissipates less than 10 W/m in the superconducting coil, with warm iron (i.e. negligible loss power); two variants: wide iron and compact version with correction coil, both suitable for a PS upgrade. summary report completed comparison of s.c. and n.c. options for fast cycling “PS2”

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 AMT exchanges F. Broggi (INFN-Milano) visited CERN for 4 weeks F. Broggi (INFN-Milano) visited CERN for 4 weeks Heat deposition in the low-  region energy deposition versus triplet length and IP distance. precise FLUKA description of IR1 and IR5, including exact magnetic fields; confirm the LUMI06 results with the latest IR FLUKA description; explore other parts of the parameter space; identify future activity (aperture, IR length, crossing angle) E. Laface (CERN) visited FNAL & BNL for 1 week to coordinate work on s.c. database E. Laface (CERN) visited FNAL & BNL for 1 week to coordinate work on s.c. database

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 planned AMT workshop November: CARE-HHH-AMT workshop on Heat Generation and Heat Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG’07), Paris, 2 days November: CARE-HHH-AMT workshop on Heat Generation and Heat Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG’07), Paris, 2 days minimizing and evacuating heat in the next generation of superconducting magnets for high intensity particle accelerators, such as the IR magnet for the LHC luminosity upgrade and the fast cycling magnets for FAIR and for the LHC injector chain upgrade; minimizing and evacuating heat in the next generation of superconducting magnets for high intensity particle accelerators, such as the IR magnet for the LHC luminosity upgrade and the fast cycling magnets for FAIR and for the LHC injector chain upgrade; identify the state of the art on identify the state of the art on (1) cooling techniques (fluids and regimes), (2) heat transfer mechanisms, (3) modeling of heat transfer from coils to cooling system, (4) heat transfer experiments; identify a common set of thermal design criteria → CARE’07 HHH highlight talk by D. Tommasini

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 WP2: Novel Methods for Accelerator Beam Instrumentation (ABI)

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, th ABI workshop 27 participants: 6 CERN, 7 DESY, 5 GSI, 1 CEA, 2 RAL, 2 Globes Electronics, 3 Kyocera, 1 FNAL 27 participants: 6 CERN, 7 DESY, 5 GSI, 1 CEA, 2 RAL, 2 Globes Electronics, 3 Kyocera, 1 FNAL topics: BPM sensors, BPM electronics, cold BPMs topics: BPM sensors, BPM electronics, cold BPMs proceedings ready and published as CARE-Conf HHH proceedings ready and published as CARE-Conf HHH

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 planned ABI workshop Dec. 2007: HHH-ABI annual workshop on Tools for Diagnostic Systems at High-Intensity (Pre-) Accelerators; Emittance Preservation and Measurements in the Accelerator Chain, Chamonix, France Dec. 2007: HHH-ABI annual workshop on Tools for Diagnostic Systems at High-Intensity (Pre-) Accelerators; Emittance Preservation and Measurements in the Accelerator Chain, Chamonix, France

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 WP3: Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design (APD)

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 APD exchanges R. De Maria (CERN grad student) visited FNAL for 1 month in February- March to work on heat deposition in low-  region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions R. De Maria (CERN grad student) visited FNAL for 1 month in February- March to work on heat deposition in low-  region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions W. Scandale (CERN) visited FNAL for 1 week in February to participate in Tevatron crystal experiment W. Scandale (CERN) visited FNAL for 1 week in February to participate in Tevatron crystal experiment Two CERN graduate students (U. Dorda, G. Sterbini) participated in RHIC beam-beam compensation experiments for two weeks in June, in the frame of HHH/US-LARP collaboration Two CERN graduate students (U. Dorda, G. Sterbini) participated in RHIC beam-beam compensation experiments for two weeks in June, in the frame of HHH/US-LARP collaboration on heat deposition in low-  region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions collaborations with N. Mokhov (US-LARP), on heat deposition in low-  region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions W. Scandale (CERN) visited LBNL and FNAL for 1 week in July to discuss CARE-HHH and US-LARP issues, and future SPS+FNAL crystal experiments W. Scandale (CERN) visited LBNL and FNAL for 1 week in July to discuss CARE-HHH and US-LARP issues, and future SPS+FNAL crystal experiments G. Franchetti (GSI) visited CERN for joint e-cloud studies in September / October 2007; M. Pivi (SLAC) will visit CERN in January 2008 G. Franchetti (GSI) visited CERN for joint e-cloud studies in September / October 2007; M. Pivi (SLAC) will visit CERN in January 2008

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, crystal experiments  Seven weeks of CERN SPS runs;  goals:  test multi-strip crystals,  check the effect on ions;  verify their fragmentation and e.-m. dissociation inside the crystal;  test the effectiveness of crystal collimation  Participating in the preparation of a crystal collimation experiment at FNAL  Support: CARE-HHH, INTAS-CERN, INFN-NTA, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, CERN AB and AT Departments

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007CC-2007topics: critical review of experimental results critical review of experimental results crystal production technologies crystal production technologies application of bent crystals to LHC collimation system application of bent crystals to LHC collimation system assessment of new crystals through experiments at SPS and Tevatron assessment of new crystals through experiments at SPS and Tevatron use of crystals for diffractive physics use of crystals for diffractive physics co-sponsored by INTAS 45 participants: INFN Genova, U. Ferrara, INFN Legnaro, PNPI Gatchina, IHEP Protvino, FNAL, JINR Dubna, INFN Frascati, INFN Roma, U. Manchester, U. Texas, CERN, March 07

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 PRL article on 2006 SPS crystal experiments including CARE acknowledgement SPS crystal collimation test

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 intensity limits in LHC and LHC injectors various limitations explored by summer student Ibon Santiago Gonzalez (Guernica), 26 June – 15 September - information gathered from experts (G. Arduini, C. Carli, M. Chanel, A. Hofmann, E. Metral, F. Pedersen, E. Shaposhnikova, B. Zotter, collimation team,…) - information collected from literature (papers by E. Metral, F.J. Sacherer, K.Y. Ng,…) - theory of longitudinal Landau damping further developed to include arbitrary bunch profile & 2 nd harmonic rf; applications to PSB, PS, SPS, LHC - mega-tables with machine parameters; extended web pages - HHH note in preparation

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, long-range beam-beam compensation experiments RHIC, MD in June two wires used to model LHC LR effect in RHIC rings - strong effect of chromaticity on beam lifetime observed SPS, MDs in July and August single wire used to model LHC LR effect in SPS - main observables: proton loss, beam lifetime - three beam energies 26, 37, 55 GeV explored to check scaling laws and extrapolation to LHC - lifetime vs wire current, beam-wire distance, chromaticity

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 ECL2 workshop 35 participants: 16 CERN (4 AB/ABP, 1 AB/OP, 7 AB/RF, 2 AT-VAC, 2 TS), 3 German enamel industry (Eisenwerke Dueker, Wendel ), 4 US (BNL, Cornell, LBNL & SLAC), 1 KEK, others from European institutes (Astec, LNF, DESY, ANKA, U. Rostock, CELLS, U. Sannio, ESRF) 35 participants: 16 CERN (4 AB/ABP, 1 AB/OP, 7 AB/RF, 2 AT-VAC, 2 TS), 3 German enamel industry (Eisenwerke Dueker, Wendel ), 4 US (BNL, Cornell, LBNL & SLAC), 1 KEK, others from European institutes (Astec, LNF, DESY, ANKA, U. Rostock, CELLS, U. Sannio, ESRF) topics: CERN NEG coating facility, motivation, technological solutions, simulations, beam measurements, impedance, - for PS2, SPS upgrade, LHC upgrade, CLIC & ILC topics: CERN NEG coating facility, motivation, technological solutions, simulations, beam measurements, impedance, - for PS2, SPS upgrade, LHC upgrade, CLIC & ILC

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 slotted vacuum chamber (W. Bruns) New! enamel electrodes (F. Caspers) New! electrete inserts (F. Caspers) New! NEG coating (P. Chiggiato) ECL2: solutions against electron cloud slotted chamber enamel-based electrode → CARE’07 HHH highlight talk by F. Zimmermann

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 parametersymbol 25 ns, small  * 50 ns, long transverse emittance  [  m] 3.75 protons per bunch N b [10 11 ] bunch spacing  t [ns] 2550 beam current I [A] longitudinal profile GaussFlat rms bunch length  z [cm] beta* at IP1&5  [m] full crossing angle  c [  rad] 0381 Piwinski parameter  c  z /(2*  x *) 02.0 hourglass reduction peak luminosity L [10 34 cm -2 s -1 ] peak events per crossing initial lumi lifetime  L [h] effective luminosity (T turnaround =10 h) L eff [10 34 cm -2 s -1 ] T run,opt [h] effective luminosity (T turnaround =5 h) L eff [10 34 cm -2 s -1 ] T run,opt [h] e-c heat SEY=1.4(1.3) P [W/m] 1.04 (0.59)0.36 (0.1) SR heat load K P SR [W/m] image current heat P IC [W/m] gas-s. 100 h (10 h)  b P gas [W/m] 0.06 (0.56)0.09 (0.9) extent luminous region  l [cm] comment D0 + crab (+ Q0)wire comp. LHC upgrade scenarios compromises between # of pile up events and heat load injector upgrade Crossing with large Piwinski angle aggressive triplet challenges early separation (ES) large Piwinski angle (LPA)

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 upgrade bunch structures 25 ns 50 ns nominal 25 ns ultimate & 25-ns upgrade 50-ns upgrade, no 50 ns 50-ns upgrade with 25-ns collisions in LHCb 25 ns new alternative! new baseline!

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 IR upgrade optics “compact low-gradient” NbTi,  *=25 cm <75 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) “modular low gradient” NbTi,  *=25 cm <90 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) “low  max low-gradient” NbTi,  *=25 cm <125 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) <125 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) standard Nb 3 Sn upgrade,  *=25 cm ~ 200 T/m, 2 versions with different magnet parameters (Tanaji Sen et al, Emmanuel Laface, Walter Scandale) + crab-waist sextupole insertions? (LNF/FP7) early separation with  *=8 cm, Nb 3 Sn (Jean-Pierre Koutchouk et al) (Jean-Pierre Koutchouk et al) compatible with 50-ns upgrade path

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 average luminosity vs  * including crossing angle + hourglass, assuming optimum run time for 5 h turn-around

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 phased LHC upgrade recent CERN management decision: early IR upgrade (“phase-1”): based on NbTi magnets, implemented ~2012 recent CERN management decision: early IR upgrade (“phase-1”): based on NbTi magnets, implemented ~2012 “low-gradient” large-aperture NbTi optics solutions developed by HHH are three good candidates “low-gradient” large-aperture NbTi optics solutions developed by HHH are three good candidates IR optics selection by Lyn Evans in 2007; input from HHH studies IR optics selection by Lyn Evans in 2007; input from HHH studies more ambitious Nb 3 Sn upgrade and higher luminosity planned in a 2 nd phase more ambitious Nb 3 Sn upgrade and higher luminosity planned in a 2 nd phase

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 planned APD workshops 7-9 November: CARE-HHH-APD workshop on LHC IR Upgrade (LUMI'07), INFN Frascati, Italy 7-9 November: CARE-HHH-APD workshop on LHC IR Upgrade (LUMI'07), INFN Frascati, Italy new low-beta quadrupoles, new low-beta quadrupoles, detector-integrated dipoles and quadrupoles, detector-integrated dipoles and quadrupoles, crab cavities, crab cavities, wire compensation, wire compensation, experience with new DAFNE IR (crab waist IR) experience with new DAFNE IR (crab waist IR)

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 PSB SPS SPS+ Linac4 (LP)SPL PS LHC / SLHC DLHC Output energy 160 MeV 1.4 GeV 4 GeV 26 GeV 50 GeV 450 GeV 1 TeV 7 TeV ~ 14 TeV Linac2 50 MeV (LP)SPL: (Low Power) Superconducting Proton Linac (4-5 GeV) PS2: High Energy PS (~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz) SPS+: Superconducting SPS (50 to1000 GeV) SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC (up to cm -2 s -1 ) DLHC: “Double energy” LHC (1 to ~14 TeV) Upgraded injector chain PS2 Present acceleratorsFuture accelerators (LP)SPL is the baseline injector for PS2 PS2 will use nc magnets PS2 size is 15/77 of SPS

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium speakers: S. Berg, C. Biscari, O. Bruning, W. Chou, M. Furman, K. Hirata, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo, S. Petracca, Q Quin, W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann. 3 October 2007 during HHH-APD BEAM’07

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 Gantt chart until end of 2008 AMT and ABI

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 Gantt chart until end of 2008 APD

CERN W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007 Conclusions Conclusions numerous high-impact workshops numerous high-impact workshops focused activities in many frontier areas focused activities in many frontier areas - crystal collimation, slim magnets, e-cloud suppression, low- angle crab cavities, beam-beam compensation, novel optics design schemes, fast cycling s.c. magnets, new beam diagnostics results benefit global accelerator community results benefit global accelerator community - code repository, s.c. database, intensity limits enhanced dissemination & training effort enhanced dissemination & training effort - mutual visits between partner labs, publications, seminars, web pages, many summer students and graduate students HHH is “high-return investment for Europe” HHH is “high-return investment for Europe”