© C. Kemke1Expert Systems Tasks COMP 4200: Expert Systems Dr. Christel Kemke Department of Computer Science University of Manitoba

© C. Kemke2Expert Systems Tasks Expert Systems Task Areas cf. Jackson, Ch.11 'Heuristic Classification I‘, based on Clancey (1993), Hayes-Roth et al. (1983), Waterman (1986); for exact references see bibliography in Jackson

© C. Kemke3Expert Systems Tasks Task Areas of XPS  Tasks /Task Areas of Expert Systems What kinds or types of tasks do XPS perform? e.g. diagnosis, construction  Classification of XPS Task Types How can XPS be analyzed into different tasks or categories of tasks? - analysis vs. synthesis

© C. Kemke4Expert Systems Tasks Classification of XPS Tasks Generic Tasks in Expert Systems (XPS)  Analysis analytical view and treatment of domain or system behaviour; e.g. diagnostic problems  Synthesis constructive problem solving or constructive approach to generate system (behaviour); e.g. construction problems (Clancey (1985), see Jackson, p.209 ff.)

© C. Kemke5Expert Systems Tasks Task Areas of Expert Systems System-Based View of XPS Tasks Analysis Tasks (Interpretation of System)  Diagnosis  Classification Synthesis Tasks (Construction of System)  Construction  Configuration  Design  Planning

© C. Kemke6Expert Systems Tasks Analysis Tasks Analysis Tasks (Diagnosis, Classification)  determine specific solution element (diagnosis) based on a description of the system (symptoms or other descriptive facts)  rules formulate connections between symptoms etc. and diagnostic class  e.g. the medical expert system MYCIN for diagnosing bacterial infections  e.g. tutoring systems like GUIDEON for diagnosing student’s mistakes

© C. Kemke7Expert Systems Tasks System Analysis Operations INTERPRET IDENTIFY PREDICT CONTROL MONITOR DIAGNOSE

© C. Kemke8Expert Systems Tasks Analysis Tasks INTERPRET analyze and interpret system (input, output, structure) IDENTIFY given input-output pairs, determine kind of system PREDICT predicting output for class of given inputs CONTROL determine inputs which achieve specific state/output MONITOR detect discrepant (faulty) behaviour DIAGNOSE explain (faulty) behaviour

© C. Kemke9Expert Systems Tasks Synthesis Tasks Synthesis Tasks (Construction, Configuration, Design, Planning)  combine elements from a component (solution) space and check consistency of complete solution  rules formulate constraints and extensions for partial solution, similar to planning  e.g. the technical expert system R1/XCON to configure computer systems

© C. Kemke10Expert Systems Tasks CONSTRUCT SPECIFY DESIGN ASSEMBLE CONFIGURE PLAN System Synthesis Operations

© C. Kemke11Expert Systems Tasks CONSTRUCT Solution space is not pre-defined SPECIFY state constraints for any solution DESIGN generate arrangement of parts to satisfy constraints ASSEMBLE / MODIFY realize design by putting parts together CONFIGURE (Design) layout of design PLAN (Design) methods to assemble structure Expert Systems Synthesis Tasks

© C. Kemke12Expert Systems Tasks  Interpretation  Prediction  Diagnosis  Control  Monitoring  Planning  Design  Debugging and Repair  Instruction (Hayes-Roth et al. (1983), see Jackson, p.208) Expert Systems – Tasks ANALYSIS SYNTHESIS

© C. Kemke13Expert Systems Tasks Expert Systems – Tasks 1 Interpretation forming high-level conclusions from raw data Prediction projecting probable consequences of given situations Diagnosis determining the cause of malfunctions in complex situations based on observable symptoms Design finding a configuration of system components that meets performance goals while satisfying a set of design constraints

© C. Kemke14Expert Systems Tasks Expert Systems – Tasks 2 Planning devising a sequence of actions that will achieve a set of goals given certain starting conditions and run-time constraints Monitoring comparing a system’s observed behavior to its expected behavior Debugging and Repair prescribing and implementing remedies for malfunctions Instruction detecting and correcting deficiencies in students’ understanding of a subject domain Control governing the behavior of a complex environment