DIGITAL NATIVES How today’s youth are different from their ‘digital immigrant’ elders and what that means for libraries Lee Rainie Metro – NY Library Council Brooklyn Museum of Art

Digital Natives October 27, Who’s blogging this? Writings of a Loud Librarian Indiana Librarian Marissa Priddis

Digital Natives October 27, “Rainie was funny, at ease, informative and we found ourselves do a lot of ‘Huh...I didn't know that’ during his speech. Very, very cool.”

Digital Natives October 27, Who’s blogging this? Stephen Downes Stephen’s Web bhcp=1

Digital Natives October 27, “Good crisp presentation … backed with some actual research and drawing out the implications for educators, a list of which should be posted on the wall of every school ….”

Digital Natives October 27, “He’s a lot older than I imagined.” “Looks like a typical Foundation suit.”

Digital Natives October 27, “While he may look older than some expected, and appears to be just another Foundation suit, he's a very intelligent man, and worth paying attention to.”

Digital Natives October 27, What does he mean: Digital Natives?

Digital Natives October 27, Digital native – Born 1985 Personal computers are 10 years old

Digital Natives October 27, Digital native – Kindergarten 1990 Tim Berners-Lee writes World Wide Web program

Digital Natives October 27, Digital native – Middle School 1996 Palm Pilot goes on the market

Digital Natives October 27, Digital Native – High School 1999 Sean Fanning creates Napster

Digital Natives October 27, Digital Native – Graduates High School 2003 iPod

Digital Natives October 27, Digital native – Late Teens - Early 20s Blogs

Digital Natives October 27, Digital native – Late Teens - Early 20s Wikipedia

Digital Natives October 27, Digital native – Late Teens - Early 20s Del.icio.us

Digital Natives October 27, Digital native – Late Teens - Early 20s Skype

Digital Natives October 27, Digital native – Late Teens - Early 20s Podcasts – 2004

Digital Natives October 27, Digital native – Late Teens - Early 20s YouTube – 2005

Digital Natives October 27, new realities in the life of digital natives and what they mean for them and for you

Digital Natives October 27, Reality 1 Media and gadgets are ubiquitous parts of everyday life

Digital Natives October 27, Home media ecology Product Route to home Display Local storage TV stations phone TVCassette/ 8-track broadcast TV radio broadcast radio stereoVinyl album News mail Advertising newspaper delivery phone paper Radio Stationsnon-electronic Tom Wolzien, Sanford C. Bernstein & Co

Digital Natives October 27, Home media ecology – now Product Route to home Display Local storage cableVCR TV stations phone/DSLTV Info wirelessradioDVD “Daily me” broadcast TVPCWeb-based storage content iPod /MP3server/ TiVo (PVR) Cable Nets broadcast radiostereoPC Web sites satellitemonitorweb storage Local news mailheadphonesCD/CD-ROM Content from express deliverypager individuals iPod / storageportable gamerMP3 player / iPod Peer-to-peer subcarriers / WIFIcell phonepagers - PDAs Advertising newspaper deliveryphonecable box Radio stationsPDA/Palmgame console game console paper Satellite radionon-electronicstorage sticks/disks Adapted from Tom Wolzien, Sanford C. Bernstein & Co

Digital Natives October 27, Kaiser Family Foundation, Generation M, March 2005

Digital Natives October 27, Reality 2 New gadgets allow them to enjoy media and carry on communication anywhere

Digital Natives October 27, Mobile devices 73% of adults own cell phones 77% of young adults and 67% of teens own them CBS MarketWatch survey

The communications Swiss Army knife Percentage of cell phone owners whose phones have this feature Percentage who use this feature now on their cell phones Don’t use it now, but would like to have it Send and receive text messages 75% 35%13% Take still pictures39% 28%19% Play games63% 22%12% Access the internet44% 14%16% Send / receive 43% 8%24% Trade instant messagesNA 7%11% Play music21% 6%19% Record their own video clips22% 6%17% Get mobile mapsNA 4%47% Watch video or TV programs13% 2%14%

Digital Natives October 27, Mobile devices 55% of adults own digital cameras 62% of young adults and 43% of teens own them 51% of young adults share photos on the internet

Digital Natives October 27, Mobile devices 43% of adults own video cameras 37% of teens own them 22% of young adults share videos online

Digital Natives October 27, Mobile devices 40% of adults play video games 83% of teens do so Kaiser Family Foundation – March % of young adults play games online

Digital Natives October 27, Mobile devices 30% of adults own laptops 43% of young adults and 32% of teens own them

Digital Natives October 27, Mobile devices 20% of adults own MP3 players 45% of teens own them CBSMarketwatch survey

Digital Natives October 27, Mobile devices 11% of adults own a PDA or Blackberry 7% of teens own them

Digital Natives October 27, Media experiences “by other means” 24% of radio consumers occasionally listen to radio programs on something other than a radio console – computers (84%), iPods (26%), cell phones (7%), PDAs (2%) 13% of TV viewers occasionally watch shows on something other than TV sets – computers (87%), cell phones (9%), iPods (3%)

Digital Natives October 27, Reality 3 The internet is at the center of the revolution

Digital Natives October 27, Internet and broadband adoption All internet mill. Broadband - 83 mill.

Digital Natives October 27, Download music – 51% Share own creations – 33% Activities of young greatly outpace their eldersActivities of young are not as great as their elders For a full list of activities tracked by PIP please go to:

Digital Natives October 27, Different people use the internet in different ways – Generations Young Instant message Games Wireless Dating Housing New jobs Create content P2P services Play games Cultural information Rate things Adult content Gen X / Boomers Transactions Get news / politics Health Job-related information Information for new jobs New housing Religious information Seek online support Seniors Weather Use government web sites Get maps directions Research travel

Digital Natives October 27, Reality 4 Multi-tasking is a way of life – and people live in a state of “continuous partial attention” --- Linda Stone

Digital Natives October 27, Kaiser Family Foundation, Generation M, March 2005

Digital Natives October 27, Kaiser Family Foundation, Generation M, March 2005

Digital Natives October 27, Reality 5 Ordinary citizens have a chance to be publishers, movie makers, artists, song creators, and story tellers

Digital Natives October 27, % of online teens share their own creations online, such as artwork, photos, stories, or videos Content creation

Digital Natives October 27, % have created or worked on webpages or blogs for others, including those for groups they belong to, friends or school assignments Content creation

Digital Natives October 27, % report keeping their own personal webpage Content creation

Digital Natives October 27, % have created their own online journal or blog Content creation

Digital Natives October 27, Content creation 19% say they remix content they find online into their own artistic creations

Digital Natives October 27, Reality 6 Everything will change even more in coming years

Digital Natives October 27, The J-curve laws Computing power doubles every 18 months – Moore’s law Storage power doubles every 12 months – disk law Communications power doubles every 2-3 years with improvements in fiber optics and compression – Gilder’s law –Spectrum power is enhanced with efficiency improvements in spectrum allocation and use

Digital Natives October 27, Impact and implications Teens expect to be able to gather and share information in multiple devices. They shrewdly sort out what communication and what information “belongs” on what device and under what circumstances. –Stephen Stills meets Go-Go Mr. Gadget: If they can’t be with the device they love, they love the device they’re with –“ is for old people.”

Digital Natives October 27, Impact and implications Conversations, research, and learning never end Being “present” with another person has a new meaning Expectations about another’s “availability” change and spontaneous communications increase Teens hope they can get help from peers and teachers and librarians whenever they need it

Digital Natives October 27, Impact and implications Those who have grown up with interactive media want to manipulate, remix, and share content. Ideas about intellectual property change –Ideas about fair use and sharing change They also expect to be able to be in conversation with other creators.

Digital Natives October 27, It’s a “smart mob” world – Howard Rheingold notion

Digital Natives October 27, It’s a “Long Tail” world – Chris Anderson notion Traffic Content 20%-40% of traffic or sales in the “long tail”

Digital Natives October 27, reasons why the future can belong to librarians 1.Nobody knows better than you how to manage information. 2.Nobody knows better than you how to track down information. 3.Nobody knows better than you about the importance of information standards – common ways to categorize, sort, and act on things. 4.Nobody’s word about what’s truthful and what’s important has more credibility than yours. 5.Nobody is in a better position than you to teach people about information and media literacy.

Digital Natives October 27, reasons why the future can belong to librarians 6.Nobody is in a better position to be a watchdog of new systems of sorting information than you. 7.Nobody is in a better position than you to teach the world about the history and built-in wisdom of credibility-assessment systems. 8.Nobody is more empowered by professional creeds and training to articulate the rationale for freedom of speech than you.

Digital Natives October 27, reasons why the future can belong to librarians 9.Nobody is in better shape to play a thoughtful, constructive role in debates about the value of information “property” and the meaning of copyright in an age where it takes a couple of minutes to download a brand new movie on BitTorrent – for free. 10. Nobody can be as constructive in helping us think through the new norms and even new laws we need to develop about what information is public and what is private.

Digital Natives October 27, Reason #11 Librarians are particularly well suited to help people focus on their need for sanctuary and a place for quiet contemplation. –Josef Pieper: Leisure: The Basis of Culture

Digital Natives October 27, Thank you! Lee Rainie Director Pew Internet & American Life Project 1615 L Street NW Suite 700 Washington, DC