IEC 61850 Communication Networks and Systems In Substations:  An Overview for Users Drew Baigent Mark Adamiak Ralph Mackiewicz GE Multilin SISCO, Inc. Markham, Ontario King of Prussia, PA Sterling Heights, MI SIPSEP 2004 Monterrey, Nuevo León, México Miércoles 10 de Noviembre, 2004

Comprehensive EPRI-Project UCA 2.0 IEC61850 and UCA2 Comprehensive EPRI-Project UCA 2.0 GOAL: One International Standard IEC 61850 IEC 60870-5-101, -103, -104 European experience

IEC61850 Substation Architecture MU = Merging Unit MU PT1 Optical CT PT2 CT2 PT Relay MU Publishes V/I/Status Datasets Relay(s) Subscribe to I/O Station Bus - 10/100/1000 MB Ethernet Process Bus .1/1/10GB Ethernet Clk1 Clk2 Remote Access Network IED

IEC61850 Standard Mapping to MMS and Ethernet Basic principles Part 1 Glossary Part 2 General Requirements Part 3 System and project management Part 4 Communication requirements Part 5 Substation Automation System Configuration Part 6 Basic Communication Structure Part 7 Mapping to MMS and Ethernet Sampled Measured Values Part 8 Part 9 Mapping to Ethernet Conformance testing Part 10

IEC61850 – Primary Parts Part 6-1: Substation Configuration Language (SCL) Part 7-2: Abstract Communications Service Interface (ACSI) and base types Part 7-3: Common Data Classes (CDC) Part 7-4: Logical Nodes Part 8-1: Specific Communications Service Mappings (SCSM) - MMS & Ethernet Part 9-2: SCSM - Sampled Values over Ethernet Part 10-1: Conformance Testing

IEC61850 Class Model Physical Device: access by network address ObjectName ObjectReference Name SERVER 1 1..* Enables data from multiple devices to be aggregated into a single physical device (data concentrator) LOGICAL-DEVICE 1 1..* LOGICAL-NODE 1 1..* DATA 1 1..* DataAttribute

Logical Nodes A named grouping of data and associated services that is logically related to some power system function. dddXCBR1 Logical Node Instance # Logical Node Name per IEC 61850-7-4 (breaker) Optional Application Specific Prefix

IEC61850-7-4 Logical Nodes Name Description Axxx Automatic Control (4). ATCC (tap changer), AVCO (volt. ctrl.), etc. Cxxx Supervisory Control (5). CILO (Interlocking), CSWI (switch ctrl), etc. Gxxx Generic Functions (3). GGIO (generic I/O), etc. Ixxx Interfacing/Archiving (4). IARC (archive), IHMI (HMI), etc. Lxxx System Logical Nodes (2). LLN0 (common), LPHD (Physical Device) Mxxx Metering & Measurement (8). MMXU (meas.), MMTR (meter.), etc. Pxxx Protection (28). PDIF, PIOC, PDIS, PTOV, PTOH, PTOC, etc. Rxxx Protection Related (10). RREC (auto reclosing), RDRE (disturbance).. Sxxx Sensors, Monitoring (4). SARC (archs), SPDC (partial discharge), etc. Txxx Instrument Transformer (2). TCTR (current), TVTR (voltage) Xxxx Switchgear (2). XCBR (breaker), XCSW (switch) Yxxx Power Transformer (4). YPTR (transformer), YPSH (shunt), etc. Zxxx Other Equipment (15). ZCAP (cap ctrl), ZMOT (motor), etc. Wxxx Wind (Set aside for other standards) Oxxx Solar (Set aside for other standards) Hxxx Hydropower (Set aside for other standards) Nxxx Power Plant (Set aside for other standards) Bxxx Battery (Set aside for other standards) Fxxx Fuel Cells (Set aside for other standards)

Logical Node Description - XCBR SPS Mandatory/Optional Common Data Class Description Data Name

Single Point Status (SPS) CDC (e.g. loc) stVal Attribute Name Mandatory/ Optional Type Functional Constraint Range of Values

Relay1/XCBR1$ST$Loc$stVal Object Name Structure Relay1/XCBR1$ST$Loc$stVal Logical Device Logical Node Functional Constraint Data Attribute

ACSI Abstract Communications Service Interface Defines a set of Objects Defines a set of Services to manipulate and access those objects Defines a base set of data types for describing objects

ACSI Objects ACSI Object Class (7-2) MMS Object (8-1) SERVER class Virtual Manufacturing Device (VMD) LOGICAL DEVICE class Domain LOGICAL NODE class Named Variable DATA class DATA-SET class Named Variable List SETTING-GROUP-CONTROL-BLOCK class REPORT-CONTROL-BLOCK class LOG class Journal LOG-CONTROL-BLOCK class GOOSE-CONTROL-BLOCK class GSSE-CONTROL-BLOCK class CONTROL class Files

ACSI Services Enable Self Describing Devices

Reporting Features Unbuffered Reporting is equivalent to UCA2 reports Buffered reporting enables the server to retain data if associations are lost enabling the client to retrieve ALL data.

Relay-Relay Messaging GSSE: Generic Substatation Status Event GOOSE: Generic Object Oriented Substation Event 128 status bit pairs InformationReport Data set containing named values and status OSI Connectionless Non-Routable Profile Ethernet Multicast Address Ethernet Multicast Address Published to all devices subscribed to data on multi-cast address Published to all devices subscribed to data on multi-cast address (UCA GOOSE)

GOOSE/GSSE is Reliable Multicast NON-EXISTENT New State: 1.Sequence Number = 0 2.State Number++ 3. Reset HoldTimer RETRANSMIT- PENDING 1. Hold Time Preset ++ 2. Start Hold Timer 3. Sequence Number ++ HoldTime expired SEND Message

SCL – Substation Configuration Language IEC61850-6-1 Description language for communication in electrical substations related to the IEDs XML based language that allows a formal description of Substation automation system and the switchyard and the relation between them IED configuration

SCL File Types SSD: System Specification Description. XML description of the entire system. SCD: Substation Configuration Description. XML description of a single substation. ICD: IED Capability Description. XML description of items supported by an IED. CID: Configured IED Description. XML configuration for a specific IED.

Sampled Measured Values A method for transmitting sampled measurements from transducers such as CTs, VTs, and digital I/O. Enables sharing of I/O signals among IEDs Supports 2 transmission methods: Multicast service (MSVC) over Ethernet Unicast (point-to-point) service (USVC) over serial links.

SMV Application

IEC61850 Controls 4 Control Models: Direct Control with normal security SBO Control with normal security Direct Control with enhanced security SBO Control with enhanced security Enhanced Security provides validation and supervision of the control action and reporting of status.

IEC61850 Profiles

Relationship to UCA2 CASM GOMSFE IEC 61850-7-2 (Services and base data types) IEC 61850-8-1 (Mapping to MMS) IEC 61850-7-3 (Common Data Classes) GOMSFE Bricks IEC 61850-7-4 (Logical Nodes)

Terminology UCA2.0 IEC61850 GOMSFE CDC CASM ACSI Brick Logical Node GOOSE IEC61850 CDC ACSI Logical Node Generic Substation Status Event (GSSE)

UCA2 vs. 61850 Object Models Data Object Model Data Set Model Association Model Server Model Unbuffered Reporting Model Security Model Time Model Direct and SBO Control GSSE (called GOOSE in UCA2) Data Object Model Data Set Model Association Server Unbuffered and Buffered Reporting No explicit Security Time Direct, SBO, enhanced Control GOOSE, GSSE, and GSE Management

UCA2  IEC61850 Migration UCA2.0 is mostly a subset of IEC61850. Some additional services and objects. Some object changes. IEC61850 uses SNTP for networked time synch. An IEC61850 client can be compatible with both UCA2 and IEC61850.

SIPSEP 2004 Communications Panel Session Benefits of IEC61850 SIPSEP 2004 Communications Panel Session Ralph Mackiewicz SISCO, Inc. ralph@sisconet.com Ralph Mackiewicz Vice President, Sales & Marketing SISCO, Inc. 6605 19½ Mile Road Sterling Heights, MI 48314 USA Tel: +810-254-0020 Fax: +810-254-0053 E-Mail: ralph@sisconet.com URL: http://www.sisconet.com

Keys to Obtaining Benefits Requires a view of cost beyond just the purchase price. The benefit of an IEC61850 device is not in the price of the device: Benefit is in lower cost to use the device. The benefit of an IEC61850 system is not in buying the system: Benefit is in lower costs to start and use the system. There is more to a system than the cost of its purchase

IEC61850 is Unique Not a recast serial RTU protocol Designed specifically for LANs to lower life cycle cost to use a device: Cost to install, configure, and maintain Real object-oriented approach for SA: Supports standardized device models using names instead of object/register numbers and indexes. Standardized configuration language (SCL). Feature rich with support for functions difficult to implement otherwise.

IEC61850 Network Architecture Data from IEDs available to all applications via network. Communications unaffected when adding devices or applications. Standard net. gear provides high perf. & flexibility with environmental protection. Applications and IEDs share common: Protocols Data Format and Context Data Addressing/naming Conventions Configuration Language Network forms a single virtual network to all data for all applications. Can leverage rapidly developing technologies in fiber, wireless, high-speed copper, etc There are some environmental issues that must be addressed to use networks in substation particularly subzero centigrade equipment in northern climates. Even gateways that are used for legacy devices support a standard convention to hide the proprietary stuff.

IEC61850 View of Devices Only network addressing requires configuration in the remote client. Point names portray the meaning and hierarchy of the data. Point names can be retrieved from the device automatically without manual intervention. All devices share a common naming convention. Device configurations can be exchanged using IEC61850-6-1 (SCL) files With a little training, anyone can recognize how to read a GOMSFE point name and it always means the same thing. Automatic retrieval of point names is a key feature.

Benefits of IEC61850 High-level services enable self-describing devices & automatic object discovery saving $$$$$ in configuration, setup and maintenance. Standardized naming conventions with power system context eliminates device dependencies and tag mapping saving $$$$ in config., setup, and maintenance. Standardized configuration file formats enables exchange of device configuration saving $$$$ in design, specification, config., setup, and maint.

Benefits of IEC61850 Higher performance multi-cast messaging for inter-relay communications enables functions not possible with hard wires and save $$$$ in wiring and maintenance. Multi-cast messaging enables sharing of transducer (CT/PT) signals saving $$$$ by reducing transducers and calibration costs.

Justification Installation of legacy systems is becoming infeasible because IT organizations can’t support these systems anymore. AND: how long do you have to wait for the local phone company to install a new phone line? What does all that waiting cost? Equip/app migration: Adding a point to be monitored requires all intervening equipment to be reconfigured Flexibility and Capability allow applications to be built that simply can’t be done with some legacy systems

Thank You Ralph Mackiewicz SISCO, Inc. 6605 19½ Mile Road Sterling Heights, MI 48314-1408 USA Tel: +586-254-0020 x103 Fax: +586-254-0053 E-Mail: ralph@sisconet.com Complete presentations and papers will be posted at: http://www.sisconet.com/techinfo.htm