Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen 30. März 2006 European Directive on Safety Requirements for Road Tunnels - Contents and National Implementation in Germany Dr.-Ing. Frank Heimbecher Section Tunnel Engineering and Tunnel Operation Federal Highway Research Institute of Germany Göteborg, Lindholmen Science Park, Thursday 30 th March 2006 Workshop 2006

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 2/29 Number and tube length of main road tunnels in Germany

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 3/29 RABT 2003 Detailed specifications to: -lighting -ventilation -equipment concerning traffic engineering -operation -Transport of dangerous goods..... Detailed specifications to: -lighting -ventilation -equipment concerning traffic engineering -operation -Transport of dangerous goods..... Low flexibility "prescriptive" Low flexibility "prescriptive"

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 4/29 Equipment of road tunnels in Germany

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 5/29 Directive 2004/54/EC Specifications to: -tunnel operation and safety equipment -administrative / organised specifications -appointments and periodic exercises -reporting..... Specifications to: -tunnel operation and safety equipment -administrative / organised specifications -appointments and periodic exercises -reporting..... High flexibility "performance based" High flexibility "performance based"

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 6/29 Scope: Tunnel of the trans-European road network, (in operation, under construction, design), lengths over 500 m Stock: 14 tunnels with approx. 33 km of tube length (stand: 2004) Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 30 April 2006.

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 7/29 Explanatory memorandum Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Annex I:Measures Annex II:Approval of the design, safety documentation, commissioning a tunnel, modifications and periodic exercises Annex III:Road signing for tunnels Directive 2004/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on minimum requirements for tunnels in the trans-European road network Download:

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 8/29 From the European Directive no subjective rights can be derived. The implementation can therefore be carried out in the context of the existing legal norms (RABT, StVO, VwV-StVO) without parliament participation. Customization/addition passes at the legal norms StVO, VwV- StVO with regard to appendix III, : Tunnel sign E 11A, sign for lay- bys E 17A or E 17B. These signs have to be taken into the StVO, VwV-StVO. Implementation of the European Directive essentially by extrapolation the RABT 2003

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 9/29 RABT 2003 Directive 2004/54/EC + RABT 2006

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 10/29 Adaption of the RABT with regard to risk analysis method, Adaption of the RABT with regard to the organs of the European-Directive, Adaption/customization of the RABT with regard to structural and operational measures, Adaption of the RABT with regard to the appendix II of the European-Directive (approval of the designs, safety documentation, commissioning of a tunnel, modifications and periodic exercises), Adaption of the RABT/StVO/VwV-StVO with regard to traffic legal regulations concerning traffic engineering, Supplementary regulations (ARS). The putting into action for all federal road tunnels with lengths over 400 m

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 11/29 Uniform design and marking of emergency exits Flashing ligths Top view – escape route marking Escape route marking on both sides paint

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 12/29 Lane indicator system with self-illuminating guide markings

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 13/29 Article 1:Subject matter and scope Article 2:Definitions Article 3:Safety measures Article 4: Administrative authority Article 5: Tunnel manager Article 6: Safety Officer Article 7: Inspection entity Article 8: Notification of the administrative authority Article 9: Tunnels whose design has not yet been approved Article 10: Tunnels whose design has been approved but which are not yet open Article 11: Tunnels already in operation Article 12: Periodic inspections Article 13: Risk analysis Article 14: Derogation for innovative techniques Article 15: Reporting Article 16: Adaptation to technical progress Article 17: Committee procedure Article 18: Transposition Article 19: Entry into force Article 4: Administrative authority Article 5: Tunnel manager Article 6: Safety officer Article 7: Inspection entity Artikel 13:Risk analysis

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 14/29 on national, regional or local level; each tunnel falls under the responsibility of one AA; responsibility for ensuring that all aspects of the safety of a tunnel are respected; commissions a tunnel; has the power to restrict the operation of a tunnel; ensures that inspections, putting in place of organisational and operational schemes, training and equipping of emergency services are performed; Administrative authority (Art. 4 EC-Directive  No RABT 2006)

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 15/29 is a public or private body responsible for the management of a tunnel; is identified by the Administrative Authority; compiles occurrence reports for any significant incident or accident in a tunnel; forwards investigation reports to the Safety officer, Administrative Authority and emergency services. Tunnel manager* (Art. 5 EC-Directive  No RABT 2006) *) the Administrative Authority itself may perform this function

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 16/29 is nominated by the Tunnel Manager for each tunnel; tasks of the Safety Officer: –ensure co-ordination with emergency services; –take part in the planning, implementation and evaluation of emergency operations; –take part in the definition of safety schemes and the specification of structure, equipment and operation; –verify that operational staff and emergency services are trained; –verify that tunnel structure and equipment are maintained and repaired; –take part in the evaluation of any significant incident or accident. Safety officer (Art. 6 EC-Directive  No RABT 2006)

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 17/29 Member States shall ensure that inspections, evaluations and tests are carried out by Inspection Entities; the Administrative Authority may perform this function; the Inspection Entity must be functionally independent from the Tunnel Manager. Inspection Entity* (Art. 7 EC-Directive  No RABT 2006) *) the Administrative Authority itself may perform this function

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 18/29

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 19/29 A risk analysis is an analysis of risks for a given tunnel, taking into account all design factors and traffic conditions that affect safety, notably traffic characteristics and type, tunnel length and tunnel geometry, as well as the forecast number of heavy goods vehicles per day. Risk analysis (definiton by EC-Directive) (Art. 13, EC-Directive  No. 0.5, RABT 2006)

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 20/29 Special characteristic of tunnels with length > 400 m (RABT, No. 0.5) Alternative of risk reduction measures in case of disproportionate cost (RABT, No. 0.5) Determination of the fire performance in case of a high percentage of heavy goods traffic (RABT, No ) Dimensioning of the ventilation system in bidirectional tunnels with a length from 600 m to 1200 m (RABT, No ) Specification or change of regulations and requirements for the transport of dangerous goods through road tunnels (RABT, No. 9) Risk analysis according to RABT 2006

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 21/29 specials ?  tunnel length,  number of tubes,  number of lanes,  cross-sectional geometry,  vertical and horizontal alignment,  type of construction,  uni-directional or bi-directional traffic,  traffic volume per tube,  risk of congestion,  access time for emergency services,  heavy goods vehicles,  dangerous goods traffic,  characteristics of the access roads  Lane width,  speed considerations,  geographical and meteorological environment measures of RABT no yes risk- analysis Special characteristic of tunnels with length > 400 m (Annex I, EC-Directive – No. 0.4, RABT 2006)

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 22/29 Alternative of risk reduction measures in case of disproportionate cost (No. 0.5, RABT 2006) Where structural requirements can only be satisfied through technical solutions which either cannot be achieved or can be achieved only at disproportionate cost, the administrative authority may accept the implementation of risk reduction measures as an alternative to application of those requirements, provided that the alternative measures will result in equivalent or improved protection. The efficiency of these measures shall be demonstrated through a risk analysis. compensation Construction requirements  equipment (proof of equivalent safety level)

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 23/29 Risk analysis are carried out by an institution which is function-relatedly independent of the tunnel manager. The member states take care that a methodology which is precise, defined and exactly corresponding to an optimal practice is used uniformly at a national level. Member states shall inform the Commission of the methodology applied. In Germany a standardised methodology for a probabilistic risk assessment is currently worked out. The methodology comprehends four types of scenarios: Break-downs, collisions, fires and accidents involving dangerous goods. Risk analysis in Germany Further procedure: PIARC C3.3 „Tunnel Operation“, WG2 „Safety Management for Tunnels“ Research project BASt/ BMVBW „Assessment of the safety of road tunnels“

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 24/29

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 25/29 Solution Model 5 B = 42,94 m Project cost:3.671 Mio. € Length: m

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 26/29 RABT 2006 Comparison and assessment

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 27/29 Cross section according to RABT with emergency lane (RQ 26T) B = 45,64 m

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 28/29  necessary for tunnels with special characteristics Risk analysis according to EC tunnel directive

Dr.-Ing. F. Heimbecher Folie 29/29 Thank you for your attention !