1 Brainstorming and Storyboarding Sriram Mohan/Steve Chenoweth RHIT Chapters 12 & 13, Requirements Text

2 Outline  Background Barriers to Elicitation  Techniques Brainstorming Storyboarding

3 Three Common Barriers  “Yes, But…” Syndrome Develop techniques to get rid of the “But” early.  Undiscovered Ruins Syndrome “the more you find, the more you know” --> find the right balance  User and Developer Syndrome Communication gap between the users.

4 Outline  Background Barriers to Elicitation  Techniques Brainstorming Storyboarding

Phases of Brainstorming  Describe the problem clearly  Discover = Idea Generation New Ideas Idea Development  Decide = Idea Reduction Eliminating Combining Choosing 5 Describe Discover Decide

6  Encourages participation by all  Allows participants to build on one another's ideas  High bandwidth: many ideas in short period of time  Encourages out-of-the-box thinking Benefits

Describe  Everyone has to agree on the problem to be brainstormed before you start.  It helps if they all have time beforehand to think of ideas on their own.

8 Discover - One Brainstorming Method  Write down ideas on post-it notes, put on wall  Read ideas out loud  Capture ideas in person’s own words  Generate as many ideas as possible  No criticizing!  Take turns being the facilitator

9 Discover - A Similar Method  Use an easel or whiteboard  Ask for ideas and write them down as they are said aloud  While facilitator writes down the “headline” for each idea, the person giving it can explain just a little more  Try to get more ideas related to ones you are hearing  Once again - no criticizing!

Discover - Idea Development  Find ideas that are “most intriguing” Usually they have some “issues” but also a lot to like  Pick one, and brainstorm ways to “push them toward acceptable”  Then do this to a couple more  Gives “ideas about these ideas” which could make them into winners

11 Decide - Idea Reduction  Prune ideas…, After the crazy and wild ones you couldn’t help disappear  Give one-line description for each remaining idea  Combine ideas  Classify the ideas into groups

Idea Reduction…  But there are situations, where not all ideas can be taken forward, in this case we have to choose the ideas that we take forward. How do we do this? See if any more can be combined Vote on the ideas (i.e. rank them) Prioritize the ideas Try to decide based on “acceptable risk” and “desired opportunities” so you don’t end up with just easy ones everyone already knew Try to leave with “as many as you can afford to consider further”  Put all remaining ideas on someone’s action list to develop 12

Web based brainstorming  Using the internet to facilitate the brainstorming in a collaborative way.  Is this useful? Why?  How do we do it? 13

Practice Brainstorming – Do as Teams  Describe - Features, requirements, enhancements, user interfaces or anything that you would like to see on our sample project.  Discover - Idea Generation (14 minutes) Let’s generate ideas for this. (7 minutes) Find ones that are intriguing & find ways to support those (7 minutes)  Decide - Once we are done lets practice Idea Reduction (10 Minutes) Eliminate invalid ideas Group those that should go together One line description Voting & Prioritizing  Leave with action list 14

15 Outline  Background Barriers to Elicitation  Techniques Brainstorming Storyboarding

16 Story  Who are the players?  What do they do?  How do they do it?

17 Get the idea from some Storyboard Examples  More movies --This one’s from Blade Runner  In the movie industry, storyboarders don’t think they get enough credit – See omba.htm omba.htm

18 Another Storyboard Example  More movies – Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls Storyboard from Storyboarding 101, by James O. Fraioli. Michael Weise Productions, 2000, ISBN

19 Another Storyboard Example  From software & web development. This one’s “Understanding your automobile,” at a.edu/authoring/studio/guid ebook/storyboard_example. html a.edu/authoring/studio/guid ebook/storyboard_example. html  You can check out their website for more about their methodology and templates…

Google Chrome  ebooks/chrome/ ebooks/chrome/

21 Key Points  Purpose – Elicit “Yes, But” reactions  Storyboards should be sketchy  A place to add innovative content Above, right – “At the forefront of innovative content, interactivity is valuable only if it is user-friendly.” From mediadigest/md0001/04.htmlwww.rthk.org.hk/ mediadigest/md0001/04.html

22 Storyboard Types  Passive Rough Sketches, screen shots  Active Flash movie, linked PowerPoint presentation.  Interactive Realistic, and a live prototype

23 Advantages of Storyboard  Inexpensive  User friendly, informal, interactive  Provides an early review of user interfaces of the system  Easy to create and easy to modify

Scenarios  Scenario is a narrative describing foreseeable interactions of types of users (characters) and the system or between two software component  Used in usability research  Famous example As we may think? - Vannevar Bush 24

Extra Credit  Extra Credit 1: What are the tradeoffs on scenarios when compared to DFD’s and storyboards? Can we use them in gathering requirements? Turn it in using Angel (Lessons – Extra Credit – Week 2 – Scenario’s Extra Credit) Due Friday Class Time  Extra Credit 2: Read the “As we may think” article and write a report on it with special emphasis on the use of scenarios to describe a vision and your perspective on it. (Lessons - Extra Credit - Week 2 - As we may think) Due September 23rd  Team Extra Credit 1: Provide storyboard diagrams for your project as a part of Milestone 2. It will be worth 25 points towards your teams Milestone 2 grade. 25