COST 355, WG1 « Changing Behaviour for a more sustainable transport system » Arcueil, 2005, May 19 th D.PATIER, LET, France Follow up of environmental and energy consumption effects from some French experimentations

1. Monaco and La Rochelle UDC: context  La Rochelle : ELCIDIS European project ( ) + local political portage + electric vehicles  Monaco : anteriority + comfortable financial position, choice of thermic vehicles COST 355, WG1  2 experiments carried out under public initiative and private management  2 different political and geographical contexts  aims : environmental in La Rochelle, organisational in Monaco  setting up : 1989 Monaco + Logistic Activity Park in 2002 (20 mn from Monaco, deported storage zone) 2001 La Rochelle  UDC concerns all the city in Monaco, the historical centre in La Rochelle  Regulation more strict in Monaco, above all its control than LR

Urban Distribution Centres economic functioning  700 m2 area  no enter for > 3.5T  in 2002 : subsidies €, parcels, 80 carriers  6 electric vehicles <3.5T. + 1 thermic veh + 1 commercial electric veh.  nb persons : 4 La Rochelle UDC :  1300 m2 area  no enter for > 8.5T  in 2002 : subsidies €, parcels, 14 carriers  3 trucks 3.5 T., 1 truck 7.5 T., 1 van 1 T, 1 electric < 3.5T.  nb persons : 8 Monaco UDC : COST 355, WG1

Urban Distribution centres evaluation method Calculation for consumption and pollutants emission : Ratio of the ADEME (French National Energy Institute) based on the type of vehicle, covered distance, speed, loading rate. Surveys : to Carriers, deliverymen, Interviews : shopkeepers, local authorities... concern the rounds going through the UDC in 2003 and the same ones realised before the UDC use Ratios : number of vehicles, covered distances, average loading rate, itinerary, number of stops… Urban congestion, insecurity, local atmospheric pollution, sound nuisance : counting and local authorities advice Calculation method for land use : number of vehicle*km, delivery time COST 355, WG1 Concerns only the vehicles going through the PF

Urban Distribution centres environmental results Source : Interface-Transport, 2004 D.PATIER, LET, France Nevertheless, a difficult transfer La Rochelle : Better performance (energy consumption) Lower (urban congestion) Pb. with the vehicle size 2. Monaco : logistic system more efficient than before the UDC use, with a similar propulsion COST 355, WG1

An innovated facilitating system for incoming goods For the last mile City centre 2.VAP (Vehicule Accommodation Point), Bordeaux Description D.PATIER, LET, France COST 355, WG1

Source : Gerardin Conseil, 2005 VAP results D.PATIER, LET, France environmental results: congestion, consumption and pollutant saving with VAP /stop Quantitative and qualitative surveys (with and without the VAP) stop following, time saving, energetic consumption and pollutant emission saving, congestion effects, access condition improvement Road occupancy : the distance covered decreased from 0 to 5 km/VAP stop Qualitative surveys: all the actors are satisfied COST 355, WG1 about a 2.77 tep/year consumption decreasing (about stops/y.)

3.New concepts and new logistic organisations D.PATIER, LET, France Final delivery of goods in Paris “La petite Reine” Situation 12 months after initiation of experiments 16 vehicles km/one year 8160 stops and parcels Source : Mayor of Paris COST 355, WG1

“La petite Reine” results Economic results : uses: proximity shops, from PF or cross docking warehouse to the delivery at home Business involved: express freight, stationary, food products Increase of the number of users (Chronopost and Coliposte) Increase of the tray’s capacity: 1 m3, 150 Kg loading capacity a range of 4 to 5 hours (20 km). Increase of number of rounds: +80 % in 6 months Increase of sales: + 8,7 % in one year Environmental effects: The yearly consumption saving is 8,3 Tep Source: ITEM, 2004 A concept transferable yearly pollutant saving COST 355, WG1

Chronocity in Strasbourg and soon in the « Champs Elysées » quarter A new organisation for pick up and deliveries of parcels in a dense urban area A specific truck carries 2 electric trolleys A range of 12 h. 2 days without charge A Chronopost experiment The deliveryman realises the round on foot A new concept of urban vehicle Environnemental effects Source : MAQASSAR Consulting COST 355, WG1

1.A difficult evaluation through time Conclusion 2.A necessary harmonisation of units and ratios 3.Necessary comparison taking in account all the economic, social and environmental factors

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