“Smart Grid” State-of-the-Art: Phasors, Meters, DR, ISO, Markets David Culler, Randy H. Katz, Seth Sanders University of California, Berkeley LoCal 0 th Retreat “Energy permits things to exist; information, to behave purposefully.” W. Ware, 1997

Markets/Deregulation 2

Independent System Operator 3

Macroscale Monitoring: Grid Quality 4

Microscale Monitoring: Smart Meters Plug load monitoring Home area networks Web-capable data collection and control systems 5

Demand Response 6 New thermostat shows price of electricity in ¢/kWhr + expected monthly bill. New meter conveys real-time usage, back to service provider. Wireless beacons allow for fine-tuned comfort/control. Incoming price signals Appliance lights show price level & appliances powered-down

Implications for LoCal Monitor, Model, and Manage in complex multi-entity environment Grid-level simulations incorporating market and demand response elements –Communications challenge: sensor collection, price communication, multi-level policy implementation –Integration of renewables –Implications for power quality, reliability 7