Welcome to BIOL 252 Human Anatomy and Physiology
Welcome to BIOL 252 Human Anatomy and Physiology Dr. Gidi Shemer Office Wilson Hall G41 Office hours Tue 3:30- 5:00 Wed 10:00- 12:00
Labs Wilson 111, 212 My office Wilson G41
Anatomy and Physiology ??
Anatomy : the study of structure Physiology : the study of function - The labs will mainly deal with Anatomy, and specifically- the naming of the parts - Coordinated by Dr. Corey Johnson - Self-work with 3D models - Short quiz on the day of the lab - First lab: January 23
In the lectures….
How to study for this course? Meet your two best friends TextbookRecording device
Before the lecture - Textbook - Powerpoints - Very important: go over the previous lecture How should I study during a course ?
- Write notes. Try NOT to write everything I say. Write EVERYTHING that I emphasize - Try, if possible, to understand the material - Ask questions - If you missed something, let it go (for now) - Record the lecture During the lecture How should I study during a course ?
- Go over your notes and add more notes, in writing - Compile questions (what is not clear yet?) - Listen to the lecture The following evening How should I study during a course ? - Put the notes into your own words. This is the most important aspect of note taking. Can you explain your notes to someone else? Remember your best friends? - Write it, draw it, say it (even change venues. That helps!) - Read the textbook
Textbook Try first to answer the questions by yourself What resources should you use? My office hours BIT- Biology tutoring center Your friends (discussion board)
BIT The Biology peer tutorial center Free tutoring offered by the Biology department, based on undergraduates who excelled in your specific section For details follow this link: BIOL 201, 202, 205, 252
Textbook
Poll Everywhere Answering my questions in the classroom via text messages/website Follow the guidelines posted on the website and on Sakai (use your Onyen address) Participation is mandatory
Two key take home messages What are we going to study this semster?
Two key take home messages 1) Function follows form
Two key issue during the semester 1) Function follows form
2) The most important term in physiology
How the varied components of living things adjust to maintain a constant internal environment that makes possible optimal functioning WB Cannon Homeostasis So we have a balanced state, but it is NOT static!! Homeostatic Imbalances = Diseases (e.g. diabetes)
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ Organ system Organismal Levels of organization (Smooth muscle) (Blood vessel) (Cardiovascular system)
Our body systems The basic body systems Regulation Maintenance - Integumentary system - Skeletal system - Muscular system - Nervous system - Endocrine system - Cardiovascular system - Lymphatic system - Immune system - Respiratory system - Digestive system - Urinary system Continuity - Reproductive system
Nervous system
Directional terms
Planes of the body Frontal plane Sagittal plane mid/ para Transverse plane
The Nervous System - General organization - The basic units- the cells - Neurophysiology - Neural interactions Brain, Neuronal circuits, Special senses
The Central Nervous System (CNS) The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) The Human Nervous System
The Nervous System PNSCNS Sensory receptors Input - Processing - Output
Peripheral Nervous system Central Nervous system sensorymotor Autonomic Smooth and cardiac muscles; Glands Somatic Skeletal muscles Motor (Efferent) Sensory (Afferent) Somatic (skin, skeletal muscle and joints) Visceral (internal organs)
“As the entomologist chasing butterflies of bright colors, my attention was seeking in the garden of gray matter, those cells of delicate and elegant forms, the mysterious butterflies of the soul, whose fluttering wings would someday—who knows?— enlighten the secret of mental life” Santiago Ramón y Cajal ( ) Neurons “The Mysterious Butterflies of the Soul”
Neurons “The Mysterious Butterflies of the Soul” Santiago Ramón y Cajal Nobel prize in physiology and medicine 1906
The neuron
Most of our wiring is insulated Myelin sheath
Whitish, fatty (protein-lipoid), segmented sheath around most long (NOT ALL) axons It functions to: - Protect the axon - Electrically insulate fibers from one another - Increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission Myelin sheath
Formed by cells The cell - Envelopes an axon in a trough - Has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath Myelin sheath
Axons are bundled together to form fascicles CNS: axon bundles form tracts PNS: axon bundles form nerves
Neurons are not alone
Astrocytes - Support and brace neurons - Control the chemical environment Microglia The “immune cells” of the CNS Ependymal cells - Circulating the CSF Oligodendrocytes - Insulators of the thick neurons of the CNS The supporting neuroglia in the CNS
Ependymal cells - Ciliated epithelial cells lining the central cavities of the brain and spinal column - Forming a permeable barrier between the CSF and nervous tissue - Beating cilia helps circulating the CSF CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
Banizs et al. Development (2005) B A -Beating cilia helps circulating the CSF
Astrocytes - Support and brace neurons - Control the chemical environment Microglia The “immune cells” of the CNS Ependymal cells - Circulating the CSF Oligodendrocytes - Insulators of the thick neurons of the CNS The supporting neuroglia in the CNS
The neural cells of the CNS
The supporting neuroglia in the PNS - Schwann cells surround and insulate axons (the “oligodendrocytes” of the PNS) -Satellite cells Support, insulate and nourish cell bodies (“astrocytes” of the PNS)
General Organization - CNS and PNS - PNS subgroups The basic units- the cells - Neurons - Glial cells Neurophysiology - Resting, graded and action potentials Neural interactions Fundamentals of the nervous system
Post-lecture assignment in Connect - Use the slides and the textbook to review the material - The quiz can be answered only once - Please note: the deadline is Jan 16, 11:00pm - The quiz will be submitted automatically on Jan 16, 11 pm