Revival and Reform

Standards & Essential Question SSUSH 7c: Describe the reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism and public school. SSUSH 7c: Describe the reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism and public school. E.Q. What are the underlying causes of the reform movement? E.Q. What are the underlying causes of the reform movement?

Take Five… What was the 2 nd Great Awakening? What was the 2 nd Great Awakening? What types of areas were targets for reformers during the early to mid 1800’s? What types of areas were targets for reformers during the early to mid 1800’s? Were most of the reformers men or women? Were most of the reformers men or women?

Religion in America The Second Great Awakening Charles Grandison Finney Camp meetings Circuit riders Finis Ewing, Peter Cartwright New denominations

“Burned-over” district

Adventists People who believe in the second Advent of Jesus.

Where did it originate…? It originated in New England in the United States It mainly spread through the United States, followed by missionaries who spread the religion throughout the world.

Founders? Main founders and supporters include… William Miller: Preacher who launched the “Second Great Awakening”, Also predicted the Great Disappointment. James and Ellen White: After the great disappointment they rose and uplifted the spirits of the disappointed Adventist people. Jane White also became a well rounded author and also a respected religious leader. J.J Andrews: He was one of the first missionaries to venture over seas and was partly responsible for the spreading of the Adventist religion to other countries and cultures. George Storrs: Founded the Life and Advent Union.

Adventists Beliefs… Main Beliefs include… Importance of seeing God’s true character They want to model themselves after God’s character. They have symbols that they use to celebrate Jesus. They include… Washing of the feet – showing love to others Drinking wine or grape juice- Jesus’ blood Eating bread- Jesus’ flesh

The remains… Adventists still remains today. It is part of the Christian domination. It is practiced world wide, mainly in the United States.

The “burned-over” district The Adventists William Miller & Joshua V. Himes Halley’s comet Hiram Edson

William Miller

The Mormons Joseph Smith Moving west Nauvoo, IL Brigham Young Salt Lake City, UT Polygamy Brigham Young = 55 wives & 56 children

Joseph Smith

Brigham Young

Fruitlands By: Allie Todd 2/3 period

Founder Founder  The fruitlands were founded by Amos Bronson Alcott.  He discovered the fruitlands after seeing the shaker commune and visiting transcendental centers in England.  Created his first “experimental” commune in Harvard, Massachusetts in the summer of  He imagined it being the “new Eden”  His main goals were to establish separate identities away from society.

Rules  Must be abstinent from all worldly society.  Cannot purchase land.  Never try to produce more goods than you can consume.  Not allowed to eat meat, drink milk, tea, or coffee.  No animal substances are allowed to “corrupt” their bodies.  Must be strict vegans.  Only allowed to drink water and eat fruit.  Cold showers only.  Simple clothing only.  Men and women live together not separately.

Beliefs  Animals were less intelligent than humans so humans were suppose to protect them not kill them.  Flesh is not a clean food so why not eat flesh of fruit.  Based society of their own economy.  Did not trade with the outside world.

The End  The biggest challenge was farming.  Not wanting to use animals hurt their farms and their economy.  They did not make enough food to make it through the winter.  It was also hampered by their structure.  Lots of contradictions were made between leaders.  Rules were to strict for living.  Many member rebelled and left to become nudists, enter insane asylums, become criminals, and etc.  The experiment only lasted seven months.

Legacy  Strongly impacted American communes and the Transcendentalist movement.  Left a legacy of inspired authors and artists.  The Fruitlands is now a Shaker and art museum.

Oneida By: G Costa

Location Present day NY 6 nations 5 nations Adopted a new tribe from the south and became the 6 nations.

Founder  Prophet and chief Handsome lake  Had visions  Longhouse religion  Wrote codes (treated like sins).

Beliefs Believed in heaven on earth Outlawed drunkenness, gambling, quarreling, wife-beating and witchcraft. Had many Christian influence on the longhouse religion.

Utopian communities Brook Farm The Shakers Mother Ann Lee New Harmony Robert Owen Fruitlands Bronson Alcott Oneida John Humphrey Noyes “Complex marriages” “Complex marriages”Eugenics

Mother Ann Lee and the Shakers

The Oneida’s

AMISH PEOPLE BY: BRANDON WILLIAMS

WHO ARE THE AMISH ? An orthodox Anabaptist sect that separated from the Mennonites in the late 17th century and exists today primarily in Ohio and southeast Pennsylvania.

FOUNDED BY? Menno Simons ( )

BELIEFS THEY DON’T BELIEVE IN TECHNOLOGY THEY THINK EVERYTHING SHOULD BE DONE NATURALY

Aaren Viars U.S. History Mrs. Stanley 9/30/09 Mennonites

Information Founded by Menno Simons A form of Anabaptism Mennonites were persecuted during the protestant Reformation. Mennonites came to America in the 1700s Today there are over 1 million Mennonites

Religion No infant baptisms Pacifists No violence Salvation through faith in Jesus Adult believers baptized

Groups Old Order Mennonites 1.Rode on horses and in buggies 2.Don’t participate in politics 3.Children are taught by church operated schools Conservative Mennonites 1.Dress conservatively 2.Use most technology Progressive Mennonites 1.Not strict with bible 2.Women Pastors 3.Practice a liberal agenda

The Anabaptist movement by: Brittany Smith

The Anabaptists  It was founded around 1522  It was founded in Zurich, Switzerland.  January 21, 1525, is considered the birth date of Anabaptism.  "Anabaptist" comes from the practice of baptizing individuals who had been baptized previously, often as infants.

Continued..  They believed infant baptism is not valid, because a child cant commit to a religious faith, and they support what's called believer's baptism.  The non-revolutionary Anabaptists of Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands, were some what of a trial to the leading reformers because of their radical views on the nature of the church and of the Christian ethic.

Anabaptist  The Anabaptists held that a person must first believe the gospel before they could be accepted into the Church with the sign of water baptism.  One can not obtain or protect their rights by the use of force  They could not have private property but must share all their goods in common with Christ's brothers and sisters.

Continued..  The Anabaptists taught, like Jesus did, that the way to the Kingdom of God is on a narrow path. Each of the Anabaptist beliefs make the path narrower.  Believers Baptism  Pacifism  Community

Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson--Nature Henry David Thoreau—Civil Disobedience & Walden Dissenters Nathaniel Hawthorne—Brook Farm Margaret Fuller

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Henry David Thoreau

Other new fads and trends Phrenology Phrenology Health fads—warm springs Health fads—warm springs Smallpox vaccine discovered Smallpox vaccine discovered Ignaz Semmelweis Ignaz Semmelweis Indian Reservation Reform Indian Reservation Reform Education reform Education reform –Horace Mann

Prison Reformers By: Ana Torres

Where and when were Prison Reforms founded? First founded in Philadelphia First founded in Philadelphia Spread to other parts of Pennsylvania Spread to other parts of Pennsylvania Later started spreading throughout the United States Later started spreading throughout the United States Started in the early 1800’s Started in the early 1800’s

Beliefs of Prison Reformers? Deterrence Deterrence Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Moral Improvement Moral Improvement Most reformers were deeply religious philanthropists Most reformers were deeply religious philanthropists

Do Prison Reforms still exist? Yes, there are still prison reforms in the United States Yes, there are still prison reforms in the United States

Evangelical Reformers Gallaudet, Howe & Bridgman Dorothea Dix Prison reform Cesare Beccaria Pennsylvania System Auburn System Juvenile crime

Take Five…What do the following political cartoons refer to? AB

Temperance movement Carry Nation—”Scary Carry”

Moral and social reform Early temperance movement Dr. Benjamin Rush Washington Temperance Society Sons of Temperance John B. Gough ProhibitionMassachusetts Fifteen Gallon Law New York Maine

Problems with Immigration Customs and culture ReligionCatholicism Anti-Catholicism movement Order of the Star Spangled Banner “Know-nothings” (American party) “Know-nothings” (American party)Missionaries American Tract Society & American Bible Society American Board of Foreign Missions Sandwich Islands, Hawaii

The Women’s Movement Seneca Falls convention “Declaration of Sentiments & Resolutions” “Declaration of Sentiments & Resolutions” Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton Abolitionists Grimke Sisters (Sarah & Angelina)

Grimke Sisters

Lucretia Mott

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Susan B. Anthony

Amelia Bloomer

Abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison William Lloyd Garrison American Abolitionist Society American Abolitionist Society

The Abolition Movement By: Joi Bockstoce

When was the Abolition Movement? The Abolition movement happened in the 1800’s to end slavery. The Abolition movement happened in the 1800’s to end slavery. The majority of abolitionists activity happened in the United States and Great Britain, but it also happened in other countries as well. The majority of abolitionists activity happened in the United States and Great Britain, but it also happened in other countries as well. Antislavery began in the colonial days in the United States. Antislavery began in the colonial days in the United States.

What was established during the Abolition Movement? The African Colonization Society was a group founded in 1816 to return blacks to their home continent The African Colonization Society was a group founded in 1816 to return blacks to their home continent The American Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1833 The American Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1833

What were the religious views on the Abolition Movement? The Society of Friends, otherwise known as the Quakers, stood almost alone in professing that slaveholding was opposed with Christian practices The Society of Friends, otherwise known as the Quakers, stood almost alone in professing that slaveholding was opposed with Christian practices abolitionists pursued immediate emancipation through moral persuasion tactics and condemned it on moral grounds. abolitionists pursued immediate emancipation through moral persuasion tactics and condemned it on moral grounds.

What happened to end the Abolition Movement? Amidst the Civil War, political abolitionists mustered public pressure to try and force, and succeeded in having, President Abraham Lincoln to adopt freedom as the war goal Amidst the Civil War, political abolitionists mustered public pressure to try and force, and succeeded in having, President Abraham Lincoln to adopt freedom as the war goal So with the end of the war, came the end of slavery. So with the end of the war, came the end of slavery.

The Changing Workplace Year long work Long hours Little pay Harsh conditions Repetitive work Lowell mills “mill girls” Beginnings of Unionization

Lowell Mills

Union is Power Abundant work force Abundant work force National Trades’ Union National Trades’ Union –Shoemakers strike 1806 –6 large industries join in 1834 Opposition by banks, owners, and courts Opposition by banks, owners, and courts Commonwealth v Hunt (1842) Commonwealth v Hunt (1842) –Ruled in favor of striking workers