Humanism (is better than your psychological perspective) Andrew, Chamara, Katarzyna, Lucas, Melissa, Rosie March 16, 2010

Carl Rogers An effective therapist needs three “necessary and sufficient” qualities: 1. Congruence -- genuineness, honesty with the client. 2. Empathy -- the ability to feel what the client feels. 3. Respect -- acceptance, unconditional positive regard towards the client. website-home.html Every person is basically good or healthy; it is factors in society that misconstrue this natural tendency A fully-functioning, healthy person has these 5 qualities: Openness to experience Living in the here and now Organism trusting Freedom Creativity art/375345/31005/Carl-Rogers-1970 Boeree, (2003)

Maslow’s self actualization= Rogers-the drive every creature has to be it all that it can be Positive self-regard=self-esteem Achieved through experiencing the positive regard others show us Conditional positive regard Positive regard given on certain conditions to which we bend to Conditions of worth How our society leads us astray Ideal* self leads to incongruence, which leads to suffering Organismic valuing Organisms naturally know what is good for them Self-concept as positive or negative Boeree, (2003)

Everyone is a seed Everyone is going to be a good human being Everyone is on the path to reach their full potential (Myers, 2007) THE ONLY THING THAT GETS IN THE WAY OF OUR GROWTH IS OUR ENVIRONMENT

WE NEED: Unconditional positive regard: -total acceptance -support -positive attitude From those that we care about Positive regard under the umbrella of LOVE ATTENTION AFFECTION NURTURE Myers, and%20Funny%20sayings%20etc/polar-bear-funny-dog- death-hug.jpg

That is how we develop as humans and become SELF ACTUALIZED :

Self-Image vs. Self Concept Self-image is how you envision yourself, literally. –What physical characteristics you see when you picture yourself in your head. (Perera, 2010) Self-image says a lot about your self-esteem (mental physique) –Do you use positive language? –Do you consider yourself attractive? –You might picture yourself in a fantastical way to show that your self-esteem is lacking. (Perera, 2010) This relates to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Self- image is part of self actualization, though self- concept would play a larger role.

Self-Image vs. Self Concept Self-concept –who you consider yourself to be –how you define yourself –how you think things through/handle situations (Myers, 2007; Perera, 2010) Can change depending on feelings, beliefs, attitude. (Perera, 2010) Primarily used and evaluated in personality tests (Perera, 2010) Humanism emphasizes personal worth of the individual and the centrality of human values, which is why self-image and self-concept play such a huge role. Tichery. Self-image. N.d. Paradigms, Mirror. salagram.net. Web. 10 Mar

What is Congruence? The simple definition is: Agreement; Harmony. For Rogers, people with healthy personality growth have congruence (agreement) between who they are (their real self) and who they feel they should be (their ideal self) (Smith, 2004)

An Example Mary Poppins Real Self: A good, caring person who supports and loves her children. Ideal Self: The same as her real self so… Mary Poppins has congruence and has a healthy personality. miedo-mary-poppins

Well, then what’s incongruence? Incongruity: The gap between the real self and the ideal self The difference between “I am” and “I should be ” You are experiencing incongruence if you think you are a great friend (ideal self), but you are actually abusive and controlling (real self). (Smith, 2004)

Another Example The narrator/Tyler Durden in Fight Club Tyler is the embodiment of what the narrator thinks he should ideally be –Tyler is a split personality created by the narrator The narrator views himself as a nice guy –Tyler creates “Project Mayhem” in an attempt to commit terrorist acts against corporations antiheroes/

Effects of Incongruity: When there is an incongruity between your ideal self and your real self – you are in a threatening situation. –anxiety develops (Ryerson University, 2010) Example: You believe that you are good at getting yourself prepared before hand. You show up to a job interview unprepared. You become nervous because you aren’t prepared.

Individualism vs. Collectivism Priority to self or your group Defined by self vs. Defined by community Individual expression vs. fit in and perform role Humanistic -> meet needs for acceptance; environmental influences (Myers, 2007)

Rollo May - Humanistic psychologist -Differs from Carl Rogers in his outlook on the source of evil -Introduced existentialist psychology -His stages of development: Innocence, Rebellion,Ordinary, Creative Bouree, 2006.

Rollo May’s Personality Types Neo-Puritan: good self-discipline, not very loving, perfectionists, and empty. Infantile: Dreamers who lack the self discipline to carry through. Creative: Entails more balance Boeree, 2006

Existentialism: An individual in a “hostile world”.

Reference List "My Top Ten: Antiheroes." Celluloid Heroes. Retrieved from "¿Puede Dar Miedo Mary Poppins?" Estrenos Y Cine. VayaCine.Retrieved from Boeree, C.G. (2003). Carl Rogers and Humanistic Psychology. Individual, Existential, and Humanistic Psychology. Retrieved from Boeree, C.G. (2006). Rollo may. Retrieved from Myers, D.G. (2007). Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity. In Psychology (8 th ed.) (pp ). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Myers, D.G. (2007). Personality. In Psychology (8 th ed.) (pp ). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Perera, K. (2010). Self Concept and Self Esteem. Retrieved from selfesteem.com/self_concept.htm Perera, K. (2010). Self Image – what does it mean?. Retrieved from selfesteem.com/selfimage.htm Ryerson University. (2010). The Humanistic Approach. Retrieved from Smith, M. K. (2004) "Carl Rogers and Informal Education." the Informal Education Homepage. Retrieved from