Genomics Chapter 18

So what is Genomics? Genetic Maps vs Physical Maps

Generation of Physical Maps Restriction Maps Chromosome-banding patterns Radiation Hybrid maps

STS Only occur once in the genome Can be used to make physical maps

Whole Genome Sequencing Needs to be able to sequence larger molecular clones….how can they do this? Clone-by-clone vs shotgun

Human Genome Project “Completed” in 2000….with 341 gaps still present in 2004 Found only around 25,000 genes How do we compare to fruit flies…what about rice?

The BLAST algorithm Bioinformatics

Protein-encoding DNA in Eukaryotes Single-copy genes Segmental Duplications Multigene Families Tandem Clusters

Non-coding DNA in eukaryotes

So How can we tell what is actually expressed? Expressed Sequence Tags

So are we all the same? SNP’s Linkage disequilibrium halotypes

Comparative Genomics and Proteomics Look at similarities and differences between species based on genomes Synteny Functional Genomics DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays Gives the ability to observe and manipulate genes to see which ones are functional where

Tansgenics Can be used to determine if two genes from different species have similar functions in other species

Applications of Genomics Identify Infectious Diseases Help Improve Crops

Ethical Issues of Genomics??? Think Gataca