The mental, emotional and physiological response of the body to any situation that is new, threatening, frightening or exciting.

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Presentation transcript:

The mental, emotional and physiological response of the body to any situation that is new, threatening, frightening or exciting.

What Is Stress? The nonspecific response of the human organism to any demand made upon it (Selye, 1984) Stressors--factors causing stress, resulting in: Eustress (positive) - happy, pleasant events; health and performance improve even as stress increases Distress (negative) - unpleasant and harmful stress; health and performance decline Optimal stress: a blend of the two that creates a motivational and healthy outcome

Fight or Flight Physiological response of the body to stress that prepares the individual to take action by stimulating the vital defense systems.

General Adaptation Syndrome (Selye, 1984) Alarm stage – fight or flight response Resistance stage – maintain homeostasis Exhaustion stage – illness, disease, or even death can occur

Harmful Effects of Stress Psychosomatic disease: physical ailment that is mentally induced The following can be developed by stress: Cancer Allergies Asthma Hay fever Rheumatoid arthritis Backache Hypertension Stroke Cardiovascular disease Ulcers Migraine headaches Tension headaches

Type A Behavior Type A - competitive, ambitious, driven, impatient, workaholic, and always rushed The key problem with Type A persons is stress Their bodies react by producing extra amounts of stress hormones. Health risks are associated with this type of personality.

Type B Behavior The opposite of a Type A personality Described as relaxed, casual, unaggressive, and patient Tend to deal with stress more effectively

The Hot Reactor People that are at risk of heart attacks or strokes due to the combination of anger and stress Stress produces: Catecholamines - hormones that damage and disrupt the electrical rhythm of the heart Abnormally high blood pressure Dangerous heart muscle lesions These people perceive every stressor as a “life or death” issue.

The “Hardy” Personality (Kobasa, 1982) Stress-resistant individuals Possess strong immune systems A Type A person who has the following traits = Type C personality. Control Commitment Challenge Choices in lifestyle Connectedness

Stress Management Strategies Exercise Relaxation techniques Lifestyle change Reframing

EXERCISE Allows the body to play out fight-or-flight response, use tense muscles, and reduce adrenaline levels Increases the release of endorphins:  morphine like substances released from the pituitary gland during prolonged aerobic exercise. Thought to produce a relaxed state.

LIFESTYLE CHANGE Eat a nutritious diet. Learn how to manage time. Limit alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes. Get plenty of restful sleep. Develop satisfying relationships. Learn when to seek the help and support of others. Balance work and play.

REFRAMING Look at life in a positive light. Diffuse anger and negativism. Learn to be an optimist. Laughter is the perfect medicine.