Eras of transportation technology and changing urban morphology
U.S. Policies Favour Suburban Growth in Contrast to Canada Housing finance FHA/VA mortgage guarantees Mortgages tax deductible in U.S Interstate Highway Act Inner city freeways Beltways – irony! Transit ridership low Cheap fuel dependence Inner city housing projects Urban social caricature of U.S.-Canadian contrast ‘White flight’ & ‘Tipping point’ vs. Multiculturalism, diversity, gentrification
Detroit: Ford Freeway, 1987
Multinode urban form with Edge Cities Pizza pie model
Commuting Patterns Eroding spatial affinity between home and workplace Core→suburb, beltway commuting reverse commuting longer distance commuting Critical isochrone Distance decay
“Frictionless Zone & Distance Decay in Commuting
Manneken-Pis, Brussels
Urban labour force issues Low income inner city residents Pink collar back office zones Elite technical workers Amenity Quality of life Prestige locations
Manufacturing & Industrial Location Theory – Chapter 10 Material Transformation Urban→suburban Employment source Linkages Key decision Investment in place Fixity→Industrial inertia Clustering of industrial activity
Corporate Behaviour Recognition of future production capacity needs Options to meet future production capacity needs Adjustment in-situ Acquisition New plant expansion How and who decides? (Org. structure) Site selection