Temperature Physics 202 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 10.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Heat A Form of Energy.
Advertisements

Unit 2: Heat Chapter 4: Temperature describes how hot or cold an object is.
Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics
Temperature, Heat, and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Temperature Physics 202 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 12.
Temperature, Heat, and Expansion. Temperature Most materials expand when heated Liquid thermometers based on mercury or alcohol expansion are common Temperature.
Heat Physics 102 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 2.
Temperature Physics 202 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 12.
Temperature Physics 102 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 2.
Temperature Physics 202 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 12.
Fluid Flow and Continuity Imagine that a fluid flows with a speed v 1 through a cylindrical pip of cross-sectional area A 1. If the pipe narrows to a cross-
Thermal Expansion  Heating an object causes it to expand  Some objects expand more than others when heated  Heating a glass jar makes the lid easier.
Temperature Physics 102 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 1.
Bell work The temperature of boiling water is 100° on the Celsius scale and 212° on the Fahrenheit scale. Look at each of the following temperatures and.
Heat, Thermal Energy, and Temperature
Chapter 4: Temperature describes how hot or cold an object is.
Thermal Energy.
Please complete section 13.2 assessment Page 451 You have approximately minutes, depending. If you don’t finish, please do it for homework. I will.
Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science.
Unit 2: Heat Chapter 4: Temperature describes how hot or cold an object is.
Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics.
Chapter 16 Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases.
Chapter 10 Thermal Physics. Temperature Thermodynamics – branch of physics studying thermal energy of systems Temperature ( T ), a scalar – measure of.
Thermodynamics is a Study of heat. A major topic of in this field Is the Kinetic-Molecular Theory.
Thermodynamics. Heat Vs Temperature 4 Temperature is NOT heat! 4 Heat is energy (kinetic energy of atoms and molecules) 4 Temperature is the level of.
Thermodynamics is a Study of heat. A major topic of in this field Is the Kinetic-Molecular Theory.
Chapters Thermodynamics Introduction 1. Equilibrium of mechanical systems: the concept of temperature Three parameters were needed to describe the.
Heat is a form of:. Everything in the universe has heat energy! Your BODY, your CAR…even ICE!
Temperature and thermal equilibrium Hot Cold. Temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules: T~KE.
Heat and Temperature The heat, as Glen Frey says, is on.
Temperature and Heat.
Chapter 3.2 Vocabulary International System of Units (SI) Meter Liter Kilogram Gram.
Chapter 10 Thermal Physics 1. Temperature and the zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 2. Thermometers and Temperature Scales 3. Thermal Expansion.
“Everything around us is made up of energy. To attract positive things in your life, start by giving off positive energy.” - Unknown 16.1 – Thermal Energy.
Temperature Physics 313 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 2.
Heat Thermal Energy Thermal Energy Thermal Energy.
Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat.  Thermal Energy – The total energy (potential and kinetic) of all of the particles in an object.  The greater.
Chapter 12.  Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are the two most commonly used scales.  They were both designed with reference to the freezing point and.
UNIT 5: HEAT. What is heat? What is temperature? How are these related to each other?
Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is the branch of Physics that deals with the conversion of heat into other forms of energy, or other forms of energy into.
NOTES-Chapter 12 Thermal Energy. Heat is defined and expressed by the Kinetic Molecular Theory of heat.
Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics
Units of Chapter 15 Atomic Theory of Matter Temperature and Thermometers Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Thermal Expansion Thermal.
Temperature and Heat. Kinetic theory of matter What is Kinetic Energy? The energy of motion. What is Matter? The combination of particles in a substance.
Heat Molecules and Motion The motion of molecules produces heat The motion of molecules produces heat The more motion, the more heat is generated The.
Heat Temperature. u Related to average kinetic energy of molecules u Measured on a scale based on some standard u Read with thermometer containing material.
Temperature. Temperature is the hotness or coldness of a material. It is also the property of a matter that determines where the heat should flow. Heat.
Temperature & Heat. Kinetic Molecular Theory Matter is composed of tiny particles – Atoms – Molecules The particles of matter are in constant random motion.
Unit 6. Temperature Temperature – A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object (how hot or cold). There are three common temperature.
Thermal Force Unit 1.4
Chapter 16 & 17 Heat and Temperature. Title : Heat and TemperatureDate: Temperature Temperature Scale Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin Energy Transfer Conduction.
Temperature and Thermal Energy Section 12.1 Physics.
Heat and Temperature Heat and Temperature. Heat and Temperature Is it cold in here? Is it cold in here? How about outside? How about outside? What would.
 Has fixed volume  Has fixed shape  Molecules are held in specific locations  by electrical forces  vibrate about equilibrium positions  Can be.
Chapter 21: Temperature, Heat and Expansion. What is “normal” body temperature and what instrument is used to measure it? 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit A thermometer.
Chapter 9 Heat!. Temperature and Thermal Energy Although closely related, these things are NOT the same thing!!!!
Temperature, Heat, and Expansion When matter gets warmer you are giving it energy. This makes the atoms or molecules in the matter move faster -If you.
Heat, Temperature, Heat Transfer, Thermal Expansion & Thermodynamics.
Ying Yi PhD Chapter 12 Temperature and Heat 1 PHYS HCCS.
Temperature, heat, and expansion
Chapter 12 Temperature and Heat Chapter 13 The Transfer of Heat.
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is the study of the transfer of energy, as heat. Internal energy of a substance is the total kinetic energy of a substance.
Chapter 4: Temperature describes how hot or cold an object is.
Thermal 3.
Temperature and Heat Unit 6: Thermal Energy.
Chapter 4: Temperature describes how hot or cold an object is.
Chapter 7: Thermal Properties of Matter
Bell work The temperature of boiling water is 100° on the Celsius scale and 212° on the Fahrenheit scale. Look at each of the following temperatures and.
Warm Up 3 examples of physical changes are:
Temperature and Thermal Energy
Presentation transcript:

Temperature Physics 202 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 10

PAL #9 Music  How much would your eardrum move from a tuning fork sound?  Example: f = 256 Hz,  = 90 dB  = (10 dB) log (I/I 0 ) 10 (  /10) = I/I 0 I = I 0 10 (  /10) I = ( ) 10 (90/10) We need to relate I to s m : I = ½  v  2 s m 2 s m = (I/½  v  2 ) ½  Air density =  =  Velocity of sound = v = 343 m/s

PAL #9 Music (cont.) s m = (I/(½  v(2  f) 2 )) ½ s m = (1X10 -3 /(½)(1.21)(343)(2  256) 2 ) ½ s m =  Even the loudest sounds only produce very small motions  What if the distance is doubled?  Since I = P s /4  r 2, then I 2 = (1/4)I 1   The displacement is ½ as great

Thermodynamics  Energy we have known:  Kinetic energy  Potential energy  Thermodynamics deals with the internal energy of a system   We will examine how this internal energy changes due to heat and work  Temperature is a measure of an object’s internal energy

Temperature and Heat   Temperature is a measure of the internal (thermal) energy of a system   Heat (Q) is energy transferred between systems due to a temperature difference   Heat can manifest itself in different ways  Heat is not a thing or a condition  Being “hot” does not mean you have a lot of “heat”

Heat   The rate of heat exchange depends on the temperature difference  Run warm water over your hands after being outside on a cold day and the water feels hot   You feel hot on a hot day because your body generates heat and can’t get rid of it quickly enough  Small temperature difference, low heat flow

Heat Units  Heat is a form of energy and so its SI unit is the joule (kg m 2 /s 2 )  1 joule (J) =  A joule is fairly small so sometimes the kilojoule (kJ) is used   1 calorie is the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 deg C  1 cal =  The nutritional Calorie = 1000 standard calories (1 Cal = 1 kilocal) 

Thermal Equilibrium  Heat is energy transfer due to a difference in temperature  Put a thermometer in a cup of water, when it stops changing, it and the water are in thermal equilibrium   They are at the same temperature   Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics  If two objects are each in thermal equilibrium with a third object then they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other

Temperature Scales  Celsius scale   Kelvin scale   The Kelvin scale is designed so that 0 K is at absolute zero and that K is at the freezing point of water  T C = T K T F = 9/5 T C +32

Temperature Scales  Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit invented the mercury thermometer in 1714   Anders Celsius introduced his scale is 1742   William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, determined from theory that minus degrees Celsius is the coldest it can get

Thermal Expansion   Some objects expand more than others when heated   The degree of expansion depends on the change in temperature and the coefficient of expansion

Linear Expansion   L = L   T  Where  is the coefficient of linear expansion  This applies to all dimensions of a solid length, width and height   Two strips of metal with different coefficients of linear expansion attached together   This principle is used in dial thermometers and thermostats

Volume Expansion   V = V   T  Where  =3    Density (in general) decreases with increasing temperature  This is what makes a hot air balloon work

Next Time  Read:

Car 1 on the left has a trumpet player on it playing “A” (440 Hz) and is moving at 3 m/s. Car 2 on the right has a tape recorder on it and is moving at 2 m/s. What is the recorded frequency when the trumpeter moves to the right and the recorder moves to the left? a)Larger than 440 Hz b)Smaller than 440 Hz c)The same as 440 Hz

Car 1 on the left has a trumpet player on it playing “A” (440 Hz) and is moving at 3 m/s. Car 2 on the right has a tape recorder on it and is moving at 2 m/s. What is the recorded frequency when the trumpeter moves to the left and the recorder moves to the right? a)Larger than 440 Hz b)Smaller than 440 Hz c)The same as 440 Hz

Car 1 on the left has a trumpet player on it playing “A” (440 Hz) and is moving at 3 m/s. Car 2 on the right has a tape recorder on it and is moving at 2 m/s. What is the recorded frequency when the trumpeter moves to the right and the recorder moves to the right? a)Larger than 440 Hz b)Smaller than 440 Hz c)The same as 440 Hz

Car 1 on the left has a trumpet player on it playing “A” (440 Hz) and is moving at 3 m/s. Car 2 on the right has a tape recorder on it and is moving at 2 m/s. What is the recorded frequency when the trumpeter moves to the left and the recorder moves to the left? a)Larger than 440 Hz b)Smaller than 440 Hz c)The same as 440 Hz