GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…

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Presentation transcript:

GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…

Genes, Heredity and Mendel  Those things on our chromosomes that make us the way we are  We get all of them from our parents…called HEREDITY  Mendel’s experiments –1 Crossed two different true-breeding plants –2 Self-crossed the results from the first experiment

 Phenotype – the visible expression of the gene (Tall, short)  Genotype – the types of genes present

Let’s try!  Using the trait for plant height in pea plants, where tall is dominant over short, and using the letters T and t for the alleles, answer the following….

 Heterozygous – one of each type of gene – Aa  Homozygous – both genes the same – AA or aa

1) What would be the symbol for a tall gene? 2) What would be the symbol for a short gene 3) What would be the genotype for a short plant? 4) What would be the two possible genotypes for a tall plant?

 5) What would be the phenotypes for the following genotypes: a. Tt b. TT c. tt

 6) What would be the genotype for a heterozygous individual?  7) What would be the genotype for a homozygous recessive individual?  8) What would be the genotype for a homozygous dominant individual?

 In pea plants, yellow pea color is dominant over green pea color. Using the letters G and g for the alleles, answer the following questions…

 9) What would be the genotypes for a. A green pea plant b. A heterozygous yellow pea plant c. A homozygous yellow pea plant

CONGRATULATIONS You are now ready to take some parents & make some kids!

Genetics exceptions…. Incomplete Dominance Polygenetic Traits One gene = more than 1 trait Environmental Factors

Incomplete Dominance  Neither allele is dominant over the other  Instead of one “beating” the other, the resulting phenotype is a “mix” of the two  Snapdragon example

Polygenetic Traits  Traits controlled by more than one gene  Can get more variety that way  Eye color is an example

One gene: more than 1 trait  White fur, blue eyed tiger

Environmental Factors  Even though your genes code for a certain trait, they need to be provided the correct environment to become “real”  Nutrition, health care, etc.  Video game example