שיקוע מפאזה גזית - יישומים יישומי מבודדים ומוליכים ליצירת חיבורי ביניים פרופ ’ יוסי שחם המחלקה לאלקטרוניקה פיזיקלית, אונ ’ ת ” א.

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שיקוע מפאזה גזית - יישומים יישומי מבודדים ומוליכים ליצירת חיבורי ביניים פרופ ’ יוסי שחם המחלקה לאלקטרוניקה פיזיקלית, אונ ’ ת ” א.

מבודדים תחמוצת סיליקון סיליקון ניטריד פולימרים אורגנים מבודדים עם מקדם דיאלקטרי נמוך ( LOW-K)

Crystalline forms: quartz, cristobalite, tridymite Amorphous: silica (brand name, can be mixed) Methods of preparation: Deposition Thermal oxidation תחמוצת סיליקון

The oxygen atoms are electronegative, and some of the silicon valence electron density is transferred to the oxygen neighbors, מבנה תחמוצת סיליקון

The Si-O distance is 1.61 A (0.16 nm) which is slightly smaller than the sum of the covalent "radii" of the atoms: Si (0.11 nm) + O(0.066 nm) = 0.18 nm מבנה מולקולת תחמוצת סיליקון

תחמוצת סיליקון היא אמורפית The result of this flexibility in the bridge bonds is that SiO 2 can easily form amorphous materials amorphous silicon dioxide will not crystallize upon annealing at normal temperatures. (process known as "Devitrification" )

The amorphous structure is tends to be very "open": even in thermally-grown oxides, channels exist through which small positive ions such as Na+ and K+ can readily migrate. These ions can move under the influence of electric fields within the gate oxides of MOS transistors, causing shifts in the voltage at which the transistor turns on ("threshold shifts"). Exclusion of such ions is imperative for reliable operation of MOS transistors and integrated circuits. מבנה תחמוצת סיליקון

תחמוצת סיליקון , density = gm/cm3  = varies widely E BV >1E7 V/cm in thermal oxides; Thermal conductivity = 0.01 W/cm K (bulk) Thermal diffusivity = cm2/sec (bulk) CTE = 0.5 ppm/ K n = 1.46 [thermal oxide]  r  = 3.9 [thermal oxide]; note: properties of CVD oxides vary widely depending on H

ראקציות עם מים The first reaction has little change in enthalpy and is nearly reversible; locally strained bonds, with reduced bond energy, are particularly vulnerable to attack by water ("hydrolysis"). Oxides containing large amounts of SiOH are more hygroscopic, and readily adsorb water molecules from the air. The water can migrate through the deposited materials to the gate oxide, there causing drifts in performance of transistors under bias, impairing hot electron reliability, also known as gate oxide integrity or GOI. The water molecules can, however, be consumed by the reactions with Si-H groups: this is the basis of the use of silicon-rich oxides as water getters or barriers.

תחמוצות סיליקון עם סימום Phosphosilicate glass (PSG) flows readily at 1000 C for 6-8 weight% P Borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) can achieve a lower flow temperature: typically around 900 C for 4-5 wt.% of each dopant. (notethat 4 weight % of boron is a very large mole percentage -- around 12 at.% depending on composition-- because B atoms are so light.)

שיטות לשיקוע מבודדים

SiO 2 CVD from Silane +oxygen

SiO 2 CVD from Silane +oxygen (3)

תלות קצב השיקוע

Magnetic enhancement

TEOS-Tetra Ethyle Ortho SIlicate

TEOS CVD

שיקוע תחמוצת על משטח בעזרת TEOS

TEOS - CVD (3)

TEOS +OZONE CVD הוספת אוזון מעלה את קצב השיקוע

ריאקצית השיקוע

המאמץ בשיכבה

מולקולת אמוניה

שיקוע טיטנים ניטריד מפאזה גזית TiN + byproducts

שיקוע טיטנים ניטריד מפאזה גזית TiN + byproducts

Diffusion barrier comparison, (M. Mossavi et al., IITC 98)

MOCVD TiN Precursors: Tetrakis-dimethylamino Titanium

Ternary phase diagrams Cu Ta N TaN Ta 2 N Ti Cu Cu 4 Ti Cu 4 Ti 3 CuTi CuTi 2 N TiN Ti 2 N The lack of Ta-Cu compounds yield a broad range of compositions in equilibrium with Cu. Ti-rich compositions are expected to react with Cu

שיקוע מגע W

שיקוע שער עם W סיליסייד

שיקוע סלקטיבי בתוך מגע - שלב I

שיקוע סלקטיבי בתוך מגע - שלב II

אמינות של מגע W

אמינות של מגע W - היווצרות VOID

High K materials (I)

קבל אגירת מטען ל - DRAM

חומרים לקבלי אגירה

סיכום יישומי CVD כיום טונגסטן טיטניום ניטריד, טנטלום ניטריד נחושת ? מבודדים - תחמוצת סיליקון ו - LOW-K