Chapter 19: Network Management Business Data Communications, 4e

2 Network Management Requirements 8Fault Management 8Accounting Management 8Configuration and Name Management 8Performance Management 8Security Management

Business Data Communications, 4e 3 Fault Management 8A fault is an abnormal condition that requires management attention (or action) to repair 8Fault is usually indicated by failure to operate correctly or by excessive errors 8Users expect quick and reliable resolution

Business Data Communications, 4e 4 Responding to Faults 8When faults occur, it is critical to quickly: 8Determine exactly where the fault is 8Isolate the rest of the network from the failure so that it can continue to function without interference 8Reconfigure or modify the network to minimize the effect of removing the failed component(s) 8Repair or replace the failed components to restore the network to its initial state

Business Data Communications, 4e 5 Accounting Management 8Reasons for accounting management: 8Internal chargebacks on network use 8User(s) may be abusing access privileges and burdening the network at the expense of other users 8Users may be making inefficient use of the network, and the network 8The network manager is in a better position to plan for network growth if user activity is known in sufficient detail.

Business Data Communications, 4e 6 Configuration Management 8Concerned with: 8initializing a network and grace-fully shutting down part or all of the network 8maintaining, adding, and updating the relationships among components and the status of components themselves during network operation

Business Data Communications, 4e 7 Performance Management 8Issues of concern to the network manager include: 8What is the level of capacity utilization? 8Is there excessive traffic? 8Has throughput been reduced to unacceptable levels? 8Are there bottlenecks? 8Is response time increasing? 8Network managers need performance statistics to help them plan, manage, and maintain large networks

Business Data Communications, 4e 8 Security Management 8Concerned with 8generating, distributing, and storing encryption keys 8monitoring and controlling access to networks 8access to all or part of the network management information 8collection, storage, and examination of audit records and security logs

Business Data Communications, 4e 9 Network Management Systems 8Collection of tools for network monitoring and control, integrated in these ways: 8A single user-friendly operator interface for performing most or all network management tasks 8A minimal amount of separate equipment 8consists of incremental hardware and software additions implemented among existing network components

Business Data Communications, 4e 10 Network Management System Architecture

Business Data Communications, 4e 11 Components of the NMS 8All nodes run the Network Management Entity (NME) software 8Network control host or manager runs the Network Management Application (NMA) 8Other nodes are considered agents

Business Data Communications, 4e 12 Network Management Entity 8Collection of software contained in each network node, devoted to the network management task 8Performs the following tasks: 8Collect statistics on communications and network-related activities. 8Store statistics locally 8Respond to commands from the network control center 8Send messages to NCC when local conditions undergo a significant change

Business Data Communications, 4e 13 IBM Network Management Architecture and NetView 8Associated with IBM’s Systems Network Architecture (SNA) 8IBM wants to provide the single, unifying framework into which all other network management products feed and from which all the equipment in a user’s network can be controlled

Business Data Communications, 4e 14 Network Management Categories 8SNA network management is composed of: 8Problem management 8Change management 8Configuration management 8Performance and accounting management

Business Data Communications, 4e 15 Problem Management 8Problem determination 8Problem diagnosis 8Problem bypass and recovery 8Problem resolution 8Problem tracking and control

Business Data Communications, 4e 16 Change Management 8Software change control 8Microcode change control 8Hardware change control

Business Data Communications, 4e 17 Configuration Management 8Physical/logical resource identification 8Resource relationship identification

Business Data Communications, 4e 18 Performance & Accounting Management 8Response-time monitoring 8Availability monitoring 8Utilization monitoring 8Component delay monitoring 8Performance tuning 8Performance tracking and control 8Accounting

Business Data Communications, 4e 19 NetView Software 8Control facility 8Provides the capability to operate the network. 8Hardware monitor 8collects notifications of failures or significant events 8Session monitor 8Collects session-related information on logical components of the network; includes measurements of data on response time, session failure 8Status monitor 8Displays status information; reactivates network resources following failures 8Help facilities 8Descriptions of fields on displays, and a systematic problem-solving facility 8Customization facilities: 8Permits a user to tailor NetView

Business Data Communications, 4e 20 Technical Control 8Automatic and remote testing and monitoring of the system, to reduce downtime due to the need to locate service personnel 8Restoring and/or reconfiguring the system upon failure in real time 8Providing network performance and functioning statistics to facilitate planning and management for high availability

Business Data Communications, 4e 21 Component-Level Technical Control 8Line Monitors 8Captures the signal between a host system and the network 8Generally employed only on the network end 8Protocol Analyzers 8Can also simulate various network components 8Can test communication protocols and codes 8Typically handles up to layer 3 of the OSI architecture

Business Data Communications, 4e 22 Network Technical Control Systems 8Integrate control devices and centralize the control of the network

Business Data Communications, 4e 23 Performance Monitoring 8After availability, the second most important characteristic of a network is performance 8Performance data must be available in sufficient detail to be able to assess the bottleneck that is causing the problem and to plan appropriate remedial action

Business Data Communications, 4e 24 Component-Level Monitoring 8Response-time monitors 8Measures, displays, and records response time of each transaction and the average response time 8Hardware monitors 8Events: Number of occurrences of specific events 8Timing: Timing the duration of a specific signal 8Software monitors 8Gathers and reports statistics on hardware and systems and applications software activity

Business Data Communications, 4e 25 Network Monitoring Systems

Business Data Communications, 4e 26 Indicators Reported by Network Monitors 8Service Parameters 8Availability 8Response Time 8Accuracy and Integrity 8Efficiency Parameters 8Througput 8Polling 8Utilization

Business Data Communications, 4e 27 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 8Network Management Model 8Management station 8Management agent 8Management information base 8Network management protocol

Business Data Communications, 4e 28 Role of SNMP

Business Data Communications, 4e 29 Protocol Specification 8Transmission of a message 8Receipt of a message 8Variable bindings

Business Data Communications, 4e 30 SNMPv2 8Released in 1992, revised in Addressed functional deficiencies in SNMP 8Accommodates decentralized network management 8Improves efficiency of data transfer

Business Data Communications, 4e 31 SNMPv3 8Released in 1998, addressed security deficiencies in SNMP and SNMPv2 8Does not provide a complete SNMP capability; defines an overall SNMP architecture and a set of security capabilities for use with SNMPv2 8Provides three important services: authentication, privacy, and access control