Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R O B I O L O G Y a n i n t r o d u c t i o n ninth edition TORTORA  FUNKE  CASE 1 The Microbial World and You

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Microbiology is the study of Microbes or…  Microorganisms are organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.  Includes bacteria, fungi (yeasts and molds), protozoa, and microscopic algae.  It also can include viruses, noncellular entities at the border between life and nonlife. Microbes in Our Lives

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microorganisms Figure 1.1

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microorganisms  Decompose organic waste  Are producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis  Produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetone  Produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and bread  Produce products used in manufacturing (e.g., cellulase) and treatment (e.g., insulin)

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microorganisms  A few are pathogenic, disease-causing. A microbe that causes disease is often called a pathogen. Knowledge of Microorganisms:  Allows humans to  Prevent food spoilage  Prevent disease occurrence  Led to aseptic techniques to prevent contamination in medicine and in microbiology laboratories.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ancestors of bacteria were the first life on Earth.  The first microbes were observed in  In 1665, Robert Hooke reported that living things were composed of little boxes or cells. A Brief History of Microbiology

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The First Observations  , Antoni van Leeuwenhoek described live microorganisms that he observed in teeth scrapings, rain water, and peppercorn infusions. Figure 1.2b

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Carolus Linnaeus established the system of scientific nomenclature in  Each organism has two names: the genus and specific epithet. Naming and Classifying Microorganisms

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scientific Names  Are italicized or underlined. The genus is capitalized and the specific epithet is lower case.  Are “Latinized” and used worldwide.  May be descriptive or honor a scientist.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scientific Names  Staphylococcus aureus  Describes the clustered arrangement of the cells (staphylo-) and the golden color of the colonies (aur-).

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scientific Names  Escherichia coli  Honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich, and describes the bacterium’s habitat–the large intestine or colon.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scientific Names  After the first use, scientific names may be abbreviated with the first letter of the genus and the specific epithet:  Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are found in the human body. S. aureus is on skin and E. coli in the large intestine.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Homework  Review: 3, 7  Multiple Choice: 1, 6, 8  Critical Thinking: 3