Training & capacity building in developing countries IAEA can help to fund scientists from developing countries interested in participating in GEOTRACES Participation in GEOTRACES cruises short-term training visits to laboratories workshops – where IAEA funds some scientists [developing countries] and some speakers [developed countries] GEOTRACES Important: early planning (> 2 years); contact IAEA in due time

GEOTRACES study off Namibia Objective:Cycling of TEIs and boundary exchange in relation to: - Upwelling - Gradients in bioproductivity - Gradients in the composition of particle flux - Hypoxia (related to emissions of hydrogen sulphur) - Submarine groundwater discharge - Controls of advection on TEI distribution Weeks et al., 2004 Sulphur plume

Advection and TEIs distribution in the North Atlantic Objective: Changes of TEIs related to variable thermohaline circulation Change of Labrador Sea Water formation from CFC inventories (moles/grid area) 1970 – 1997: 10 Sv 1998 – 1999: 7-9 Sv 2000 – 2001: 3-4 Sv 2001 – 2003: not much M. Rhein, pers comm.

Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone Labrador Sea Iceland Basin Moran et al., 2002; Vogler et al.,1998; Scholten, unpublished Repeat sections in the North Atlantic during duration of GEOTRACES Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone