AACR2's Strategic Plan and IFLA Work towards an International Cataloguing Code Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Library of Congress Representative to the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules Presentation to the Commissione permanente per l’aggiornamento della RICA November 21, 2002 Rome, Italy

History of AACR Panizzi – British Museum – 91 rules (1841) Cutter – Rules for a dictionary catalog (1876) Paris Principles (1961) AACR (1967) –North American ed. –British ed. ISBD (1969+) AACR2 (1978)

AACR2 AACR2 (1978, 1988, 1998, 2002)

Basis of the majority of records in machine- readable form –Over 48 million in OCLC –Worldwide publication coverage AACR Used Worldwide

AACR2, 2002 Revision Now available Loose-leaf Binder with tabs Annual updates

LC Actions to Implement AACR Changes Implementation of the 2002 Revision effective December 1, 2002 Distribution of updates – LCRIs for internal consistency of rule application –Cataloger’s Desktop

Description –ISBD areas 1title and statement of responsibility 2edition 3material specific details 4publication, distribution, etc. 5physical description 6series 7notes 8standard numbers and terms of availability Access –Controlled vocabularies, syndetic structure of references –Classification, call numbers, standard numbers, barcodes –Direct links Descriptive and Access Elements

Structure of the Rules Part I - Description Chapter 1 – General rules Chapter 2-12 – Classes of material Books, Pamphlets, and Printed Sheets Cartographic Materials Manuscripts Music Sound Recordings Motion Pictures and Videorecordings Graphic Materials Electronic Resources Three-dimensional Artefacts and Realia Microforms Serials Chapter 13 - Analysis

Part II – Choice and Form of Access Points Chapter 21 – Choice of Access Points Chapter – Headings –Persons –Geographic Names –Corporate Bodies –Uniform Titles Chapter 26 - References

Appendices Capitalization Abbreviations Numerals Initial Articles Glossary Index

JSC Meeting - Sept. 9-11, 2002 York, England FRBR terminology –So rules will be more precise Format Variation Working Group –Expression-level citations –OPAC displays for collocation Work level Expression level (versions, translations, performances, etc.) Manifestation level

JSC Meeting - Sept. 9-11, 2002 York, England SMD (Special Material designators) Ch. 9 - Electronic Resources –Class of materials (computer files, software, etc.) vs.. –“Carrier” or “container” - “digital” as a type of manifestation Area 8 Standard Numbers --> Area 7 Notes

Strategic Plan for AACR AACR is a multinational code for bibliographic description and access For all media Developed for use in English-language communities Independent of communication format Rules constantly evolve to meet changing needs Allow for different levels of description Assure consistency of practice for shared cataloguing Enable search precision through controlled forms of access points

Target 1 New edition (AACR3) 2005 (2007 or 2008?) For Web-environment Compatible with international efforts New Introductions –Cataloging principles and concepts for description and access Authority control concepts FRBR terminology and concepts –Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item Revise ambiguous and inconsistent terms –main entry, added entry, entry Class of materials & GMD problems to be resolved

Objectives of the Catalog User Tasks Find –Locate a single resource –Collocate all resources at various levels Gathering together all works of an author (by author’s name, title, subject, etc.) Identify Select Obtain Navigate

Principles of Bibliographic Description and Access User convenience Common usage Representation Accuracy Sufficiency and necessity Brevity and clarity Standardization Integration Independent of format

Target 2 Outreach to other communities Build relationships with other groups –ISBD Review Group communications –Rule-making bodies worldwide Participation in key conferences and meetings: –IFLA meeting of experts (1st : Frankfurt, 2003) –Dublin Core, VRA, DOI, MARBI, etc. Publicize “Strategic Plan” –JSC Web site:

Target 3 Add a Web-based version of rules Identify issues with AACR publishers in Resolve issues arising from advice and comments on requirements, functionality, etc. Co-publishers will conduct market research in 2003

FRBR Impact on Cataloging Rules Conceptual model of bibliographic universe New vocabulary Clarifies concepts Renews focus on the objectives of a catalog –Collocation of works and expressions Reinforces importance of controlled access –Relationships among bibliographic resources and agents

FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition PaperPDFHTML The Movie Orig. Version

FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition The Movie Orig. Version PaperPDFHTML Item: Copy 1 Autographed Copy 2 Family of works

Applications OCLC Research (to be published) –~20% of works have more than 1 manifestation Classics of literature vs. scientific studies Examples in the OCLC database –Shakespeare’s Hamlet 1 work, 2696 manifestations –Rowling, J.K. (Harry Potter stories) 28 works, 300 manifestations

Collocation by Expressions Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. –Books – Danish –Books – Dutch –Books – English –Books – French –Books – Spanish –Motion Pictures – English

Collocation by Expressions J.S. Bach’s Goldberg variations –Performances: Glen Gould (1981) –Scores

IFLA Work – International Cataloguing Code 1960’s meetings of experts –Paris 1961  Paris Principles (access) (International Conference on Cataloguing Principles) –Copenhagen 1969  ISBDs (description) (International Meeting of Cataloging Experts) Changes –Online/Web catalogs, machine-readable records –FRBR concepts (1998) –Electronic and future “carriers” for information

IFLA Activities IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code –2003, Frankfurt (European codes) –2004, Buenos Aires (Central America, South America) –2006, Seoul, Korea (Asian codes)

IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003 Goals: increase ability to share cataloguing worldwide Promote content standards for bibliographic and authority records Objective: Get our codes closer together –Examine European cataloguing codes Similarities Differences –Why different (cultural variations?)

IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003 Commissioned papers on Web –Discussion within countries and shared globally (April-June 2003) Presentations and working groups in Frankfurt (July 2003) –Limited to participants – invitation only Focus topics: –Names of persons –Names of corporate bodies –Uniform titles / GMDs –Seriality / when to make a new record –Multilevel cataloging of multiple works in multiple volumes –Paris Principles: main and added entries

IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003 I FLA