Today’s Agenda Nov 5 textbook return Nov 5 textbook return Test 2 Test 2 Review Review Manufacturing, multipliers and leakage of growth impulses Manufacturing, multipliers and leakage of growth impulses Urban economic spatial structure Urban economic spatial structure Urban system concept Urban system concept Central Place Theory Central Place Theory

Test 2 Wednesday, November 3 Wednesday, November 3 Chapters 5-8 of Wheeler et al. Chapters 5-8 of Wheeler et al. All lectures since October 8 All lectures since October 8 Format: same as Test 1 Format: same as Test 1 M/C – 40% M/C – 40% FiB – 20% FiB – 20% S/A – 40% S/A – 40%

Chasing Smoke stacks Basic activity is NOT just manufacturing! Basic activity is NOT just manufacturing! Manufacturing does have a relatively high multiplier effect (interindustry) Manufacturing does have a relatively high multiplier effect (interindustry) But leakages can be huge But leakages can be huge In and out! In and out! Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A. Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A. EMBRAER EMBRAER

Embraer

Urban Economic Structure Classic models of urban land use Classic models of urban land use Concentric zone Concentric zone Sectoral Sectoral Multiple nuclei Multiple nuclei Centripetal Forces-reinforce centrality Centripetal Forces-reinforce centrality

Urban Economic Structure Centrifugal Forces-deconcentration Centrifugal Forces-deconcentration Residential suburbanization Residential suburbanization – nothing new! – nothing new! e.g. New Town, Edinburgh e.g. New Town, Edinburgh Brand new middle class suburb, 1767 Brand new middle class suburb, 1767

New Town No urban poor No urban poor No nobility No nobility Georgian era Georgian era

Old Town Edinburgh from New Town

Urban Economic Structure But residential suburbanization in North America was unprecedented in some ways: But residential suburbanization in North America was unprecedented in some ways: Sprawl and low density Sprawl and low density Auto dependence Auto dependence Rapidity of development Rapidity of development Homogeneity (?) Homogeneity (?) Edge Cities: Multinucleation Edge Cities: Multinucleation Suburban employment, commercial, industrial, office space Suburban employment, commercial, industrial, office space Back office to front office Back office to front office

City Systems Cities as systems… Cities as systems… …within systems of cities …within systems of cities Hierarchical system structure Hierarchical system structure Size Size Population Population Income Income Function Function Classification according to dominant industry Classification according to dominant industry Power and extent of influence Power and extent of influence