1 ICHS: International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, 8 th September, 2005, Pisa, Italy

2 Approach to Hydrogen Society 【 R&D of H 2 &FC Technology 】 ・ Fundamental Research and Breakthrough Technology for Fuel Cell Vehicle and Hydrogen Infrastructure 【 Demonstration & Promotion 】 ・ FCV Introduction by the Government ・ Financial Support for FCV Introduction ・ Hydrogen Infrastructure Promotion 【 Establishment of Social Institutions 】 ・ Regulations, Codes & Standards for FCVs

3 Safety Issues of H 2 FCVs 【 Peculiar to H 2 FCVs 】 Hydrogen Safety ・ High Pressure Cylinder & Vehicle ・ Leakage and Ignition of Hydrogen ・ Fire Fighting & Rescue at the accident 【 Same as Conventional Vehicles 】 Crash Safety High Voltage Safety Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

4 Vehicle Fire Test H 2 Upward(35MPa, Two 34L Tanks)H 2 Downward(35MPa, Two 34 L Tanks) CNG(20MPa, Two 34L Tanks) Gasoline(40L in a Steel Tank)

5 H 2 Upward(35MPa, Two 34L Tanks)H 2 Downward(35MPa, Two 34 L Tanks) CNG(20MPa, Two 34L Tanks) Gasoline(40L in a Steel Tank) Vehicle Fire Test

6 Heat Irradiation Comparison Gasoline Vehicle intermittent large flame, long duration CNG Vehicle (Downward) large flame area, highest irradiation peak longer duration than hydrogen H 2 Vehicle (Downward) short duration H 2 Vehicle (Upward) no measurable irradiation peak

7 Subjects of Hydrogen Fire Safety Test Higher Pressure: 35MPa to 70MPa Larger Capacity: Passenger Car to Bus Application Tank Number: Single Tank System, Multi-tank System Storage Technologies Liquefied Hydrogen Tank Combination of Metal Hydride and High Pressure Tank Chemical Hydrides Carbon Adsorption etc. Comprehensive Hydrogen Safety Evaluation Facility

8 Hy-SEF Hy drogen and Fuel Cell Vehicle S afety E valuation F acility

9 Explosion Resistant Fire Test Cell Exhaust Emissions After Treatment Equipment Silencer Air Supply Blower Exhaust Blower External Appearance of the FacilityInternal Structure of Fire Test Cell

10 Specification of Fire Test Cell Inside Dimensions: 16m Height, 18m Diameter, Enough Space to Observe the Flame Propagation Area Wall Thickness: 1.2m Wall, 1.4m Ceiling, 4.0m Ground Floor Enough Strength Against Possible Explosions Suppose the Explosion of 260 liter and 70MPa Tank Air Supply and Exhaust Blower: 750 m 3 /min. Enough Air Supply to Maintain a Vehicle Fire Exhaust Gas After Treatment: Ceramic Filter and Dry Adsorption by a Mixed Agent (Diatomite, Hydrated Lime, Activated Charcoal) Clean Exhaust Emission without Smoke or Harmful Substances Silencer: Reducing the Noise Level by 80 dB

11 １． The repeatability of the tests. Not depending on the climate ( wind, rain, snow etc.) ２． Easy to provide the high technology measurement equipments ３． Environmental friendly. Doesn’t emits sound, smoke, broken parts to the outside. ４． Comfortable for the workers. The Advantages of Indoor Test Facility

12 Bonfire Test of Hydrogen Tank

13 Bonfire Test of Hydrogen Tank In every test, PRD was operated and no explosion, no blow-off was occurred.

14 Vehicle Fire Test

15 Vehicle Fire Test

16 Hydraulic Pressure Test 120MPa Intensifier 270MPa Intensifire 300MPa Intensifire Pressure Cycle Test: Max 120MPa Burst Test: Max 300MPa

17 High Pressure Hydrogen Test Equipment Oil-less Air-Cooled Reciprocated Piston Five Stages Maximum Pressure: 110MPa Capacity: 200Nm 3 /h Material: Cr-Mo-Alloy Steel Cylinder Thickness: 65mm Filling Pressure: 110MPa Capacity: 72L Maximum Tank Size: 260L Temperature Range: -40 o C ～ +85 o C Hydrogen Compressor Storage Tanks Air-tight Temperature Control Chamber

18 Utilization of Hy-SEF 1.Fire Safety of H 2 Storage Tank ・ High Pressure Cylinder ・ Liquid Hydrogen Tank ・ Metal Hydride Tank ・ New Hydrogen Storage Technics 2.Fire Safety of H 2 Vehicles ・ Safe Method of PRD Hydrogen Release 3.Measures of Fire Fighting 4.Hydrogen Diffusion and Ignition

19 Summary 1.A Comprehensive hydrogen safety evaluation facility, called Hy-SEF, was constructed as a Japanese national project supported by NEDO and METI. 2. This facility can provide high quality information about hydrogen safety, and will serve the revision and/or establishment of regulations, codes and standards for hydrogen vehicles. 3.This facility can also support the development of hydrogen storage and utilization technologies.