Embedding IPv6 Margaret Wasserman Principal Technologist, Wind River Co-Chair IETF IPv6 and IPv6 Operations WGs Internet Society (ISOC) Trustee

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.2 What is and Embedded System An embedded system is any computer-based system that isn’t a computer Network and communications infrastructure Consumer devices -- phones, digital cameras, etc. Aerospace and defense equipment Industrial control and factory automation Medical equipment Planes, trains and automobiles

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.3 Embedded IPv6 Opportunities Third Generation cell phones 3GPP multi-media subsystem is exclusively IPv6 Consumer connectivity Billions of connected devices will require more address space Major vendors are integrated IPv6 into connected devices Peer-to-Peer Applications Internet telephones and video phones, peer-to-peer gaming Mobility and Adhoc Networks Handheld and mobile devices Self-organizing networks -- homes, cars, personal area networks

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.4 Challenges for Embedded Software Memory footprint -- BOM cost and battery life Limited configuration ability Must work whether or not Internet connected Security and Privacy Reliability Of the device Of the infrastructure that supports using the device

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.5 The Next Internet Wave Mainframes Office Desktop Home Desktop Phone/PDA Consumer Devices Costs Include: Manufacturing cost plus required customer support Number of Units CostCost Home security, entertainment, car infotainment, personal area networks, health monitors...

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.6 The Benefits of IPv6 IPv6 delivers two huge benefits for embedded deployment: Larger Address Space and Address Autoconfiguration

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.7 The Real Costs of NAT Why do we need more addresses when we have NAT? NAT has several real costs: NAT makes the network less resilient and less reliable Presents a single point of attack or failure for many connections Undermines the effectiveness of dynamic routing and adaptive retransmission NAT stifles innovation in applications and services Interferes with peer-to-peer connections, forcing a third-party service model on inherently two-party applications Blocks inbound connections, eliminating the possibility of accessing in- home devices from remote locations NAT prevents the use of end-to-end IP-level security Generally resolved by the use of VPN tunneling technology Even without NAT, IP Security deployment would be seriously limited by key distribution issues

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.8 The Real Costs of Configuration Low cost consumer devices have special configuration needs May have no mechanism for external configuration Need to come up and work, right out of the box Any configuration requirement significantly increases costs, due to support overhead and returns Must communicate when no ISP connection or router is available Entertainment system components, home climate control systems, etc. May not have access to DHCP or other servers Any required configuration would substantially increase the complexity and cost Need to supply a configuration interface Need to support user configuration of the device

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.9 Enabling a Ubiquitous Internet IPv6 address autoconfiguration allows nodes to communicate on the network with no manual or server-based configuration Link-local communication is enabled when routers are not present No requirement for input devices, management interfaces or end- user configuration support Further autoconfiguration work is underway in the IETF IPv6 will make ubiquitous Internet connectivity affordable and practical

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.10 Wind River’s IPv6 Program Routing Protocols PPP/PPPoE IP Security and IKESNMP/WindManage Applications Wind River is Committed to be the Leading Provider of High Quality IPv6 Products for Embedded Devices Available now as separate components, roadmap includes IPv6 in PLATFORM CD later this year IPv6 is more than just a TCP/IP stack … Priority is on quality, features, and complete integration WIND RIVER PLATFORMS

My Thoughts on the Future of IPv6

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.12 Paths for IPv6 Deployment There are several paths leading to wide-scale IPv6 deployment Government and defense programs driving deployment In Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Europe and the U.S. !! Internet growth driving a need for additional addresses As new markets join the Internet: China, India, South America, etc... Deployment of always-on Internet cell phones Several standards under development: 3GPP, 3GPP2, etc… The development of IPv6-only consumer applications or services Many under development in Japan, Korea and Taiwan All will eventually become real drivers for IPv6 deployment, but which happens first?

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.13 Preparing for a Long Transition The transition from IPv4 to a shared IPv4/IPv6 network will be long and complicated IPv6 deployment will begin at different times in different parts of the network IPv6 may be deployed for specialized products and services before native IPv6 is available from many providers There may be operational or security issues with layering a flat IPv6 architecture over a NAT-based IPv4 network Extensive use of tunneling is expected, to allow IPv6 connectivity to IPv4 networks, and vice versa The transition must be carefully planned and managed to avoid serious operational and security problems

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.14 What Does the Future Hold? An IPv6-only Internet is NOT on the horizon No driver to eliminate IPv4-only nodes and services Cost of dual-stack implementation is low A truly global, shared IPv4/IPv6 Internet is emerging A realistic, scalable world-wide Internet Widely-used services are dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 Accessible from IPv4-only, IPv4/IPv6 and IPv6-only nodes Legacy services and applications are IPv4-only New IPv6-only applications and services Consumer devices, peer-to-peer applications, specialized applications IPv6

6/2/2015Copyright 2003, Wind River Systems, Inc.15 Enabling a Global Internet Huge Internet growth is expected in the next several years One billion nodes in China Hundreds of millions of nodes in India Massive growth in other areas of the world We do not have enough IPv4 addresses remaining to support this growth NAT may work for a home or mid-sized enterprise, but not for an entire country An IPv6 Internet will scale to support billions of users, each with hundreds or thousands of connected devices The Internet will continue to grow Allowing people to communicate, and making people’s lives richer, safer, longer, healthier and more convenient

Questions?