Y1K Changes between Charlemagne and the Year 1000 Post-Carolingian Invasions Pre-millennial Frenzy Agriculture Feudalism Technology and Science Revival of Manufacturing Guilds Emergence of Capitalism Rise of Towns Key Terms Magyars feudalism guild

The Crusades First Crusade ( ) Second Crusade ( ) Third Crusade ( ) Fourth Crusade ( ) Children’s Crusade (1212) Key Terms First Crusade

France The Capetian Dynasty ( ) Hugh Capet ( ) Philip II Augustus ( ) Key Terms Philip II Augustus

Germany Otto the Great ( ) Heinrich IV ( ) Pope Gregory VII ( ) Friedrich II Hohenstaufen ( ) Key Terms Heinrich IV Friedrich II Hohenstaufen

England Alfred the Great ( ) William the Conqueror ( ) Battle of Hastings (1066) Henry II ( ) Eleanor of Aquitaine Richard the Lionheart ( ) John ( ) Magna Carta Key Terms William the Conqueror Henry II Magna Carta

Pope Innocent III ( ) Thomas Aquinas ( ) both names are key terms

The Song of Roland Introduction chansons de geste Questions for Discussion What is Ganelon’s gripe with Roland (20-23)? Is this a tale of "Roman" heroism? Compare Charles and Roland with Aeneas: what are they fighting for? how do they behave? what obstacles and enemies do they face? (41-43, 178) How are Muslims portrayed in this story? How accurate is their portrayal? (32, 72, 78) Describe the Christianity exhibited in the poem. How had it changed since New Testament times? (33, 89-90, 95, , 150, 180, 272) What does Roland’s refusal to blow the horn tell you about his character (83-87)?

The Song of Roland (cont’d) What is the significance of the glove in Roland’s death scene ( )? What is the significance of the broken lance point that Charlemagne has (183)? How does the defeat of the Muslims affect Bramimonde ( )? What does the trial of Ganelon tell us about the medieval conception of justice? ( )

The Three Estates 1. Those who pray (The Church) 2. Those who fight (The Nobility) 3. Those who work (The Commoners)

Changing Nature of the Church (first estate) Status at the Beginning of the 14 th Century Changes in the Roles of the Clergy Symbols and Saints Religious Crisis Phillip IV of France vs. Pope Boniface VIII Unan Sanctam Clement V The Avignon Papacy ( ) a.k.a. “The Babylonian Captivity” The Great Schism ( ) Catherine of Sienna Continued Papal Decline and Corruption

Changing Nature of the Noble Class (2 nd estate) Definition Privileges and Exclusivity Excesses The Hundred Years’ War ( ) Early Battles Henry V Joan of Arc Consequences of the War Changes in the Nature of Warfare

Changing Nature of the Common Class (3 rd estate) Growth of Cities Artisans and Merchants Rural Peasants Women and Children Violence Jacquerie Revolt (1358)

The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)