Safe Biological Control. Outcompete Attacks native arthropods Kills pest predators.

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Presentation transcript:

Safe Biological Control

Outcompete Attacks native arthropods Kills pest predators

Introductions of Fish to Control Mosquitoes

Non-target effects

Generalist agents could represent a problem Compsilura concinnata Gypsy moth Wild moths

Related species at target area could be a problem Invasive thistle Native thistle Flower head beetle

Not having enough information…Big Problem giant African snail Tahiti predatory land snail

Natural Enemies Can Disperse Cactoblastis cactorum Opuntia

Direct and Indirect non-target effects Introduced Native

Predicting non-target effects How can we test for non-target effects?

Measuring host-range

Brassicaceae Rosedaceae

Measuring host-range

Physiological vs Ecological Host Range Lab: Fungus attacks 28 out of 78 species of caterpillars species of caterpillars Field: Fungus attacks 3 species of caterpillars gypsy moth gypsy moth fungi

Other problems Competition Intraguild predation Hybridization

Post-release evaluations are needed

Can host-specificity change?

Release of natural enemies is not only a national issue National entities Importers Exporters

What are our alternatives? Chemical control Not doing anything

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