Warm Up Thursday 1/27 Why is a globe a limited tool for people to use? Get homework out!

How Globes are Made

Five Basic concepts are presented in this chapter and book Space Place Region Scale Connections

How Geographers Address Location Maps Eratosthenes was the 1 st to use “geography” –Map scale: –Fraction –Written statement –Graphic bar scale IMPORTANT: the larger the area covered the smaller the scale will be

Projection Method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map Problems?

The human face on four different projections © ODT, Inc.

Key Issue 1 How do geographers describe where things are? –Maps –Cotemporary tools

U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 Divided country into a pattern distribution

Township & Range System in the US Fig. 1-4: Principal meridians & east-west baselines of the township system. Townships in northwest Mississippi & topographic map of the area.

How Geographers Address Location Contemporary Tools –GIS –Remote sensing –GPS

Layers of a GIS Fig. 1-5: A geographic information system (GIS) stores information about a location in several layers. Each layer represents a different category of information.

Remote Sensing

Hobo-Dyer, North on top © ODT,

Hobo-Dyer, South on top © ODT,

South Up, Africa-centered © ODT,

USA as seen from Canada ©

The Earth at Night Courtesy of NASA.

Do facts make maps or do maps make facts? © ODT,

Key Issue 2 Why/How is each point on earth unique? –place –region

Uniqueness of Places & Regions Place: point with specific features –toponym –Site –Situation –Mathematical location

Mathematical Location Meridian- arc b/t N and S –Longitude 0 to 180 east or west Prime meridian- Greenwich England time Parallel- lines run parallel to equator –latitude

Longitude/Time Earth makes a complete rotation every 24 hours and as a sphere is divided up into 360 degrees of longitude 360 degrees divided by 24 hours in a day = 15 degrees Every 15 degrees your travel east or west takes you either an hour earlier or later than the starting point.

Example Eastern Standard Time Zone is near 75 degrees west longitude. Central Standard Time Zone is near 90 degrees west longitude = 15 degrees therefore the Central Standard Time Zone is one hour earlier than Eastern

Example Mountain Standard Time Zone is near 105 degrees west longitude. Eastern is near 75 degrees west longitude = 30 degrees Mountain Standard Time Zone is 2 hours behind the Eastern Time Zone

Equator is 0° North Pole is 90° north latitude South Pole is 90° south latitude