1P1-1 Chapter Outline The Living World Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya, (Viruses) Biomolecules Functional Groups Major Classes of Biomolecules Biochemical Reactions.

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1P1-1 Chapter Outline The Living World Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya, (Viruses) Biomolecules Functional Groups Major Classes of Biomolecules Biochemical Reactions Reactions, Energy, Metabolism, Order Genetic Information Processing

1P1-2 What is Life? 1. Life is complex and dynamic. 2. Life is organized and self-sustaining. 3. Life is cellular. 4. Life is information based. 5. Life adapts and evolves.

1P The Living World All living species are composed of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Living organisms are classified in to three domains: bacteria archaea (extremophiles) eukarya

1P1-4 Prokaryotes Two groups: eubacteria e. g. Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus archae e. g. Halobacterium salinarium Thermoplasma acidophilus

1P1-5 Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. They contain organelles: eg. Nucleus. Most are multicellular.

1P Biomolecules Most compounds found in organisms are organic molecules. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Most molecules found in organisms are derived from hydrocarbons.

1P1-7 Biomolecules: Hydrocarbons

1P1-8 Biomolecules: Functional Groups

1P1-9 Biomolecules: Functional Groups

1P1-10 Classes of Biomolecules-1a Amino acids make peptides and proteins. R groups  -aminoacid

1P1-11 Classes of Biomolecules-1b Some amino acids are not  -aminoacids.  -alanine  -aminobutyric acid GABA

1P1-12 Small Biomolecules-1c Peptide bond

1P1-13 Small Biomolecules-2 Monosaccharides (simple sugars) make carbohydrates

1P1-14 Small Biomolecules-3a Fatty acids are part of many lipids. Lauric acid (saturated) in anion form An unsaturated fatty acid

1P1-15 Small Biomolecules-3b phosphatidylcholine

1P1-16 Small Biomolecules-3c

1P1-17 Small Biomolecules-4a Nucleotides join to form DNA and RNA. Nucleotides are composed of: a nitrogenous base ribose or deoxyribose sugar ring phosphate group

1P1-18 Small Biomolecules-4b Bases Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Uracil (U) pyrimidines purines

1P1-19 Small Biomolecules-4c DNA Is a polymer of two polynucleotide strands wrapped in a right handed double helix. Has a sugar (deoxyribose) phosphate backbone. Has the bases paired via hydrogen bonding. (A-T and G-C) Carries the genetic information (genes) of an organism.

1P1-20 Small Biomolecules-4d Fig 1.14

1P1-21 Small Biomolecules-4e RNA Is a polymer of polynucloetide strands. Has a sugar (ribose) phosphate backbone. Has the bases A, U, G, and C. Consists of three types: messenger RNA transfer RNA ribosomal RNA

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