Evolution to the cloud- the role in NASA’s network Chris Janson Ciena August 15, 2011

Agenda IT trends and definition of ‘the cloud’ What ‘the cloud’ brings to NASA Network evolution to the cloud

Cloud Computing represents the next stage of evolution in the convergence of communications networking Cloud computing will help government … Quickly adopt modern applications that improve mission effectiveness Assure uniformity of information access Improve agency efficiency and cost effectiveness

Agency/enterprise networking requirements Source: Enterprise surveys, The Future of Data Center Wide-Area Networking, Forrester Research 5/10

A style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies. What is ‘the cloud’? An emerging IT delivery model —cloud computing—can significantly reduce IT costs & complexities while improving workload optimization and service delivery. Cloud computing is massively scalable, provides a superior user experience, and is characterized by new, internet-driven economics. Prefer to call it x as a Service, where x is a consumable service resource that customers can buy in an on-demand fashion over the network. Cloud Services enable customers to procure infrastructure services where and when they need them and pay for them on a consumption based model Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction The Consumerization of Information Technology through internet-like consumption & delivery models X as a Service server storage networking improved economics through sharing

A cloud networking enables you to…

The breaking point 70¢ per $1 Spend on IT Maintenance & Operations 85% Amount of idle computing capacity in typical data center 1.4x Growth of IT professionals in the next 10 years 44x Growth of information in the digital universe in the next 10 years 80% Amount of idle capacity in a storage system P&C as % of initial CAPEX 10% 75% Escalating costs, complexity and inflexibility of application-specific IT infrastructure wastes precious budget dollars

Arguments for cloud in the agency Administrator CIO CFO Mission Directorates IT/IS Operational Value Strategic Value Technology Value Economic Value How to NOT own a Data Center Accessing advanced networking & IT services from trusted partners who own and operate cloud infrastructures How to NOT own a Data Center Accessing advanced networking & IT services from trusted partners who own and operate cloud infrastructures Business & Operations Model How to build a Next Gen Data Center Building your own hyper-efficient data center based on the latest power, cooling & cloud technologies How to build a Next Gen Data Center Building your own hyper-efficient data center based on the latest power, cooling & cloud technologies Architecture Model Solution Integrators Infrastructure Service Providers IT Outsourcing Services ICT Technology Vendors Internet Application Providers Process Consultants Telecom Service Providers Internet Content Providers Independent SW Vendors

Evolution from private to external cloud Data center networking expands to link to cloud resources – private, external, hybrid Data Center A Data Center B Data Center C Private CloudExternal Clouds Cloud Computing Cloud Storage SaaS = Software as a service (applications) PaaS = Platform as a service (development) IaaS = Infrastructure as a service Virtual machine and storage mobility Enterprise IT applications Disaster Recovery Development and testing Workload migration

Public & Private Cloud Services  Control  Security  Performance  Scalability  Manageability  Predictability  Dynamic  Flexible  Infrastructure agnostic  On-demand  Pay per use  Granular Converging Services, Missions & Providers Content Clouds IT Service Clouds Enterprise Clouds Wholesale Clouds Collocation DC as a Service Real estate, security Reliable power, cooling Network provider connectivity Managed Hosting Bare Metal as a Service Managed servers & storage (dedicated) Network provider choice High capacity internet Managed App Services App as a Service Business applications Disaster recovery Business continuity On-demand XaaS Self-service & elasticity Compute intensive & variable workloads Vertical market focus On-demand Services IT Solution Providers Telecom Service Providers Internet Content Providers Communication Services BCDR Services Application Services Aiming for the clouds - convergence

PaaS delivers application run-time infrastructures as a plug-in and go experience with SLAs Platforms & Compute Frameworks DB Msg DNS Services Platform Policy, Control Platform-as-a-Service Layers in the cloud SaaS delivers provider-owned application capability as a plug-in and go experience with SLAs Apps or Web Services run on the provider’s infrastructure SaaS App Services ISVWeb Srvcs Services Users & Business Processes Business Applications (CRM, ERP, UC) Software-as-a-Service Delivers connectivity to global virtualized service resources as a plug-in and go experience with SLAs Operates at Internet scale, with Ethernet flexibility and optical performance Network Communications Cloud Backbone Information Technology Virtualzn MobilityQoS Infrastructure-as-a-Service IaaS delivers standardized virtualized computing environments as plug-in and go experience with SLAs

Segments of the cloud PrivateHosted Private Multi-tenant Public Network Infrastructure IT Infrastructure (IaaS) Middleware (PaaS) Applications (SaaS) Private network builds SONET, DWDM rings Switched & routed nets Dedicated network capacity & carrier managed services Private line, switched ethernet & IP VPNs Shared network services Fixed capacity, reserved, guaranteed and best effort network services EnterprisesService Providers Virtualization platforms Enterprise & DC gear (server, storage, switching) Dedicated infrastructure services Managed virtualized environment IaaS: On-demand and automated provisioning of servers & storage Integration platforms and tools (Oracle DB, Microsoft Azure) Integration services Managed virtualized platform services PaaS: On-demand and automated provisioning of run-time platforms Virtualized applications CRM, ERP, , communications, collaboration Applications services with dedicated infrastructure & fixed capacity contracts SaaS: On-demand and automated provisioning of SW applications Market shifts are driving a new network service delivery paradigm Bought by IT departments and consumers Bought by software development teams Bought mainly by IT depts.; consumers for storage

Virtual machine movement use cases DataTime Amount of … Largest job takes days even with fast networks Small job still needs Mbps network to get done in less than two days Value of fast network to quickly respond to urgent needs Note: assuming 80% of rated speed, no bw degradation

Ethernet Virtual machine migration VM migration through Ethernet path L2 domain and trunk termination avoids spanning tree problems FC User access Ethernet FC ESOM Network 802.1Q xSTP Region boundary Qay PBB-TE Trunk termination

Data center architecture evolution Client/Server Resource Location Glass houseData center(s) Desktop/LAN/Internet Virtual I/OChannel end/ device end FICON command chaining Fibre Channel FCP (SCSI) iSCSI FICON zHPF TCW Distributed cache FCoE/CEE NetworkCircuit3-tier, packetOn-demand CapacityTo 45 Mbps, 155 Mbps To 1G, 10G10G, 40G, 100G Data movement Terminal screen Printer, etc. Host file transfer Tape, DASD Server to PC PC to internet Server file transfer Storage replication Virtual Machine (VM) Server to server VM load balancing Storage replication Mainframe Cloud

Data center utilization evolution IslandsPoolsDynamicOn-Demand Direct attached storage, dedicated capacity Network attached (SAN, NAS, iSCSI), virtual LUNs Multi-platform virtualized capacity, thin provisioning Cloud storage for on-demand capacity Multiple individual servers, inflexible, under utilized, costly Permanent allocations of virtual servers, some idle, no peak load capacity Transient allocation of virtual servers, more flexible and higher utilization, some VM idle Cloud-based compute on- demand, highly automated, user defined and funded compute time Isolated circuits, costly, low bandwidth Port grooming to high capacity bandwidth, QoS, virtualized WAN Long distance VM and storage replication improves mobility Bandwidth on- demand expands for peak or one time use Storage Servers Network Evolution to the Cloud

Building the cloud: Virtualized Optical WAN Enterprise Data Center – New York Cloud Data Center – Dallas Enterprise Data Center – Newark Virtualized Optical WAN Key attributes: vCenter Plug-in Long distance VM Elastic bandwidth vCenter Server Private Cloud Enterprise Data Center – San Francisco Cloud Data Center – Miami Public Cloud

Deployment models External Public Cloud SaaS Engines Microsoft BPOS Google Apps Salesforce.com Infra Service Engines Virtual servers Virtual storage Virtualized Apps SAP cluster Hosted UC Virtual Desktop Internal Private Cloud BO/HO Enterprise #2 Private Cloud Enterprise VPN Hybrid Cloud #2 Virtual Private DC Extending Private Resources C-VPNC-VPN C-VPNC-VPN #1 Enterprise Data Centers BO/HO Enterprise #1 Traditional IT & Public Cloud Enterprise VPN SaaS Access Leasing Public Resources (e.g. Amazon EC2) #3 Virtual Private Cloud BO/HO Enterprise #3 Virtual Private Cloud Cloud Aware Network C-VPNC-VPN C-VPNC-VPN

Summary  ‘The cloud’ can mean different things-  Shared computing resource among users with similar needs  Natural means to improve operations and efficiency  Services, platforms, infrastructure, networks  Agency can utilize cloud applications to consolidate data centers while improving data integrity and reducing cost  Data center networks continue to evolve towards embracing cloud topologies  Agency could decide to partition what’s owned and what’s bought based on application needs

Thank you

You’re not alone in the public cloud…… * Source: Public IT Cloud Services Spend – IDC June 2010* Expected to exceed $55B by 2014 (excludes private cloud spending) Growth rate of 27% per year IaaS is the fastest growing segment at 34% per year Emerging Enterprise- Class services for F1000 CIO SaaS PaaS IaaS

Consolidation: Data centers and networks Consolidation provides opportunity in increase efficiency to manage growth demands while lowering costs 100s of data centers to less than 10 10s of thousands of applications to a couple of thousand 20s of thousands of physical servers to under 10,000 virtual servers Consolidation Data Center Topology Circuit consolidation eliminates discrete networks and excess equipment Bandwidth consolidation to 10 G provides more flexibility Private WDM to bypass local loop and provide future scalability Growth Mission critical applications growing from 100s to 2-300s for replication site-to-site PB total storage growing ~50% per year 2-300s TB under data replication management with daily replication growth from TB now to 3-6 PB Efficiency

Building the cloud: Dynamic Cloud Networking  Layer 1- 2 architecture provides flatter design architecture to lower costs with more scalable performance  Provides flexible, scalable, dynamic bandwidth for high performance cloud requirements Core Network Enterprise Data Center Cloud Service Provider Ciena Carrier Ethernet and WDM for L1/2 user access Ciena on-demand bandwidth for Virtual Machine and storage workload balancing, migrations Metro Network Access Network User Access

© Ciena Confidential and Proprietary 24 Using the cloud for virtualized storage: Virtual Machine Movement Use Cases DataTime Amount of …