Ultra-High Resolution Information Visualization CS 5764 Sarah Peck, Chris North Credits: Beth Yost, Bob Ball, Christopher Andrews, Mike DellaNoce, Candice Luebbering, Sarah Peck, Lauren Shupp, John Booker

Research Questions Fundamental issues: What is the benefit for visualization? in terms of Perception, Navigation, Awareness Limits of visual scalability? Display design issues: How big? How shaped? Visualization design issues: How to embed more information? Interaction design issues: How to point? pan? zoom? What is the impact of large high-resolution displays on visualization?

Empirical Results: High-Resolution 2-10x faster task performance Curved displays speed some tasks by 30% Reduce frustration by 50% Reduce virtual navigation actions by 75% Increase physical navigation 300% Analyze 22x more data, only 3x more time, while maintaining accuracy Greater situational awareness Easier interaction Short initial learning time Analytic force multiplier

Display Space # of pixels Physical Size of display Pixel Density = # of pixels / display size “Resolution” = density? or # of pixels? constant density line

VT GigaPixel Laboratory ~200 Mpixels, scalable Reconfigurable Multiple display technologies Diverse input devices Link to AwareLab, VICON

Analyst Workspace Options 9 tiled LCD panels Single CPU MS Windows Small cubicle < $5, tiled LCD panels Curved configuration Multi-CPU Large cubicle/office ~ $20,000

Collaborative Workspace Options 18 Rear-projection blocks near-seamless Multi-CPU Large conference room ~ $150, tiled LCD panels Touch-sensitive Multi-CPU Medium conference room ~ $120,000

LCD vs. Rear-projection

Variables # pixels, display size, density Shape, curvature, horizontal / vertical Brightness, contrast, color, clarity Uniformity Alignment Bezels, seams Technology type Footprint Maintenance Input technique

User Input Devices / Techniques Videos…

High-Res Visualization Design

Displaying more data More entities More attributes Embed details Larger spatial area Multiple levels of scale Heterogeneous data Task context info

More entities

More attributes

Embed details Storyboard notecards

Design Suggestions Take advantage of fast physical navigation to replace slow virtual navigation Design to take advantage of visual aggregation Consider what is perceptible from various physical distances Consider multiple strategic labels and both local and global legends Choose scalable encodings Consider effect of display characteristics

Enable Physical Navigation To reduce Virtual Navigation (mouse…) Avoid tethered input devices

Visual Aggregation Like semantic zooming

Physical Adaptation

Strategic Placement Consider multiple strategic labels and both local and global legends

Graphically Scalable Encodings ScalableNot Scalable Number of glyphsNumber of perceivable colors Glyph sizeGlyph orientation Over plotting, spatial position 3D occlusion Distortion techniquesNetwork connectivity edge crossing

Display Characteristics

Today’s paper Shupp et al “Size and curvature of Hi-Res displays” Presenter: Sunghee Park

Empirical Results

More pixels = Faster Vis Task Performance Display size vs. User’s task performance time  Faster Larger display size → Users were 8 times faster with 8 times more screen space

Physical Navigation Wide field of view

Greater Situational Awareness With more pixels: 92% claim greater awareness 70% claim easier interaction Subjects used more proactive strategies With larger screens, users were more aware due to spending less percentage of their time navigating.

1 Monitor 45% 1% 2% 35% 8% 1% 4% 2% 2% 4 Monitors <1% <1% 4% 6% 9% 16% 64% <1% With larger display, analysts spent more time on task and less time on interface manipulation More Time on Task

# of Monitor(s) Mouse Clicks Mouse Clicks Average # of Mouse Clicks by Display Size Less Time Wasted With larger screen, ¼ fewer mouse clicks to accomplish the same analytic tasks

Curvature Faster task performance than flat, 30% Causes different insight than flat Localized vs global insights

Data Scalability: Beyond Visual Acuity Display Size DataDisplay Time x Attributes TotalPixelsArea (24 LCDs) Small14 x 145, x768 Medium29 x 2923, x1536 Large58 x 5894, x3072

Small Multiples 1976 White Female 2 Mp 32 Mp Years Demographic Groups US Map

Embedded Visualizations Bar Matrix Time-Series Graph Demographic Groups Years US Map

Data Scalability: Beyond Visual Acuity Efficient: 17x more data, 2x more time Accuracy maintained Embedded vis design scales better Spatial grouping is important on Large Displays Used physical navigation & visual aggregation

Publications CHI 2005: “Effects of Tiled, High-Resolution …” Interact 2005: “Analysis of User Behavior…” HCI 2005: “Evaluating the Benefits…for Navigating Maps” AAG 2006: “Map Reading Efficiency on High-Resolution…” Graphics Interface 2006: “Viewport Size & Curvature…” ISI 2006: “Intelligence Analysis using High-Resolution…” InfoVis 2006: “Scalability of Visualization…” and Demo Interacting with Computers: “High-Resolution Gaming…” British HCI: “Applying Embodied Interaction…” Computers & Graphics: “Realizing Embodied Interaction…” IVS: “Designing Info Visualizations for Hi-Res…” CHI 2007: “Perceptual Scalability with Hi-Res…” CHI 2007: “Physical vs Virtual Navigation…”