F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Life Is Sweet Biological Engineer Ram Sasisekharan: Tackling Complex.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

THE MOLECULES OF LIFE: 4. Nucleic Acids 1. Carbohydrates 3. Lipids

Advertisements

BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY MLAB Introduction. INTRODUCTION TO BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY Biochemistry can be defined as the science concerned with the chemical.

Section 6.3 – Life Substances

Organic Molecules vocabulary. Lipids Lipids: Fats and oils. Composed of carbon and hydrogen. They are used to store energy long term. Examples: butter,

Organic Chemistry Overview

Biological (Organic) Molecules. Major Components of a Cell Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Proteins Proteins Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids.

Life’s Important Biological Molecules The molecules that make up your cells.

What one atom is the most important in allowing life on Earth? (lab) 6 Properties of Water.

Phosphate Ester Formation

Chapter 2.3 Carbon Compounds.

The Macromolecules of Life. Carbon Life on earth is carbon based The large molecules found in cells are carbon based. Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds.

Chemical Basis of Life Chapter 2. Introduction Matter - anything that has mass Made of elements Substance that cannot be broken down to other substances.

The Building Blocks of Life

Organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules.

The Molecules of life Chapter Carbon is the main ingredient of organic molecules Why are carbon atoms so common in living things? ◦4 electrons.

BIOCHEMISTRY A Review of Biology. MACROMOLECULES Macromolecules are polymers that are made of smaller pieces called monomers (building blocks) The four.

Lets Carb Up!!!. Carbohydrates - Composition Made of… (Hint: look at the name) – Carbon – Hydrogen – Oxygen.

Unit 4- Biochemistry, Energy, & Enzymes

Section 2-3 Organic Compounds. Any molecule containing carbon Carbon skeletons may vary in length Skeletons may be branched or unbranched.

Organic Chemistry Notes All organic compounds contain carbon. Carbon is able to form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and many other elements easily.

Organic vs. Inorganic Molecules

6.3 a – Introduction to Biomolecules. What is an organic compound? What is so special about Carbon? Compounds containing C, H, O and often N, P, & S.

CHAPTER 2: CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE. 2.2 STRUCTURE OF MATTER All matter is made up of atoms – the smallest building blocks of matter Atoms make up elements.

1.Compare and contrast organic molecules and inorganic molecules. Organic - All contain Carbon Inorganic - Generally do not contain carbon.

Lets Carb Up!!!. Carbohydrates - Composition Made of… (Hint: look at the name) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen.

Macromolecule Foldable

CHAPTER 6: THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE ▸ WHAT YOU WILL LEARN : ▸ 1. You will relate the structure of an atom to how it interacts with other atoms. ▸ 2. You will.

Bio-Chemistry Biology 1. Carbon – is found in all living things. 4 electrons in its outer energy level Carbon has the ability to bond with many different.

CHEMISTRY OF LIFE: THE FOUR MACROMOLECULES

10/16 Objective: What are the properties of carbohydrates? * Chapter 5: The Molecules of Life Do Now: What is a small molecular unit called? A chain of.

Objectives What are the chemicals of life made from? What is the role of carbohydrates in cells? What do lipids do? What determines the function of proteins?

Macromolecules Biology. What does organic mean?  Organic Molecules contain both carbon and hydrogen.  Inorganic Molecules - the rest.  Water  Salt.

thesis Carbohydrates are complex biochemical structures that serve vital functions in the human body. Composed of a building block of sugar, they are.

Proteins.  Main function: Growth and repair of body cells Used to make hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.

Chemistry of Living Things ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

1.Use molecular model to build a linear molecule 2.Ask a student to make a circle out of the structure 1.The student should start pulling model apart (hydrolysis)

Add to Table of Contents  4 moleculespg.26  Bio(macro)molecules pg. 27.

Chapter 2.3.  Carbon has unique bonding properties  Carbon = building block of life because it makes up most living things  Has four unpaired (free)

Macromolecules. Atoms Macromolecules BIG biological molecules of CARBON! Carbon is essential for life Made of smaller parts called monomers Chains joined.

How are molecules joined together or broken apart?

Unit 1 : Chemical basis of life

Nutrients To survive, the human body needs the nutrients found in food. Nutrients are classified into six groups.

The Building Blocks of Life

A substance with a pH of 12 is called a ____

Biological (Organic) Molecules

Biochemistry Notes pt. 3.

Biological Molecules.

Lesson Overview 2.3 Carbon Compounds.

Biochemistry This is a typical protein… ’s of amino acids covalently bonded together into a knot like structure we call a globular shape.

Chapter 6 Section 4: The building Blocks of life Ms Su’ad

Unit 2 Part 1: Organic Compounds (Biomolecules) and Enzymes

CARBOHYDRATES STRUCTURE: C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio

Macromolecules copyright cmassengale.

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of LIFE!!.

Carbohydrates OUR #1 Energy Source!!!.

The Chemistry of Life What are living creatures made of? Why do we have to eat?

Biochemistry and Carbon Compounds

Standard 6 Food Science Carbohydrates.

Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.

3.3 Carbon Compounds I. Building Blocks of Cells A. _______________

3.3 Carbon Compounds I. Building Blocks of Cells A. Biomolecules

Testing Food for Starch

You are what you eat! Biomolecules.

Organic Molecules Chapter 6, section 4.

Macromolecules.

Presentation transcript:

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Life Is Sweet Biological Engineer Ram Sasisekharan: Tackling Complex Carbohydrates

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Ram Sasisekharan Deciphers the Code Biological engineer Sasisekharan wants to unlock the healing power of sugars. Biological sugars (carbohydrates) Help heal scrapes Hold cells together Communicate messages throughout the body

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Answer: In most life forms Carbohydrates = Main energy source for the body

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Carbs Made Simple Types of carbohydrates: Monosaccharide―one simple sugar molecule Disaccharide―two simple sugar molecules linked together Polysaccharide―long, interconnected complexes of monosaccharide or disaccharide units that repeat a pattern

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Common Sugar Molecules Monosaccharide Disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose chemically linked together

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Complex Carbohydrates – Zillions of Flavors Amino acids Building blocks of proteins Link together in a linear fashion Complex carbohydrates Simple sugars connected in various combinations Often have branched structure

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Proteoglycans Have Many Roles

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Open, Sesame Paracellular transport, in which molecules pass between epithelial cells, appears to be gated by a “sugar code.” The code is specified by glycan molecules that coat the top, or apical, surface of these cells.

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Heparin: Sugar-based Anticoagulant Heparin and low- molecular weight heparin are drugs widely used to prevent blood clots that can lead to heart attacks and strokes Commercial preparations of heparin can produce excessive bleeding in some patients

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Sweet Treatments Commercial heparin“Designer” heparins Usually made from pig intestinal lining May be safer than current preparations Contains widely varying mixtures of different sizes of glycan molecules Contain sugar molecules that work predictably Difficult to know ahead of time how well a particular batch will work in patients Design of the molecules enables them to be neutralized to prevent bleeding

F INDINGS National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Research Applications How might knowledge about sugar molecules gained by Sasisekharan help in the fight against cancer?