ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Bogotá air quality Colombia, 2003

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Bogota city Average altitude: 2600 m ASL Inhabitants Vehicles Industries

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Eastern hills Magdalena river Bogota Savanna Eastern mountain chain The Topography

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Traffic Heatings Industries EMISSIONS DISPERSION (transport and turbulence) TRANSFORMATION (chemistry) POLLUTANT DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS VOC NOx CO Heavy metals PM SO2 Primary polluants H2SO4 Photooxidants O3, PAN PM Secondary polluants SOURCES Health HNO3 Biogenic CO2 sun humidity rain Vegetation growth

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Development of an air quality management system (AQMS)

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Emission inventory Environmental impacts Meteorological model Pollutants distribution Air quality model Design of abatement strategies The project Measurements

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air 212 km Area: 212 x 212 Km Cells: 4 x 4 Km Temporal resolution: 1 h Model domain

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Sources are classified in 4 groups: - Stationary sources - Mobile sources - Aerial sources - Natural environment Pollutants included: COSO 2 NOxCH 4 VOCNM CO 2 PM10 Sources and pollutants included Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Stationary sources Point sources: - Important Industries (106) Areal sources: - Small industries (4712) - Municipal landfill (1) - Gasoline marketing Stationary sources in the Bogotá zone Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air CO2 15% 78% 7% X Industry (region) X Industry (Bogota) X Municipal landfill Distribution of stationary emissions Stationary sources Critical zones of the domain CO2, CH4 PM10, COVNM CO, SO2, NOx CH4, CO2 Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air AIREMIS calculates vehicular emission based on: Georreferenced street network: segments Traffic model: - Car counting campaings - Number of vehicles/hour - Average speed The fleet composition The emission factors - COPERTIII methodology - Local emission factors Traffic model: Number of vehicles Mobile sources Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Local emission factors An economical and practical methodology was applied to determine emissions from the vehicular fleet of Bogotá city The methodology is based on air quality and meteorological measurements, traffic counts and inverse application of an air quality model. Mobile sources Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Mobile sources Estimated emission factors for the different categories g/veh/km Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air CO 16% 84% Heavy Light Variations of CH4 vehicle emissions during a common day CO vehicle emissions over the domain Distribution of vehicle emissions Mobile sources Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Natural environment Land use over the domain Bogotá It takes into account: The sources - Forest area - Low vegetation - Soils Environmental factors - Temperature - PAR (Photosynthetical activity radiation) Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air VOCNM emissions over the domain Natural environment Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Total emissions Critical zones of the domain Distribution of total emissions by source Mobile Stationary Aereal Natural Emission inventory

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Monitoring stations

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Meteorological model results: Wind field

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air NOx concentrations

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Ozone concentrations

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Ozone plume

ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Ozone VOCs Hight Low Ozone isopleths Low Hight Merck, Nacional Corpas, Monserrate, Duque NOx