Alluvial plant communities of Piedmont brownwater rivers Elizabeth R. Matthews 1, Robert K. Peet 1, Alan S. Weakley 1, and Thomas Wentworth 2. University.

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Presentation transcript:

Alluvial plant communities of Piedmont brownwater rivers Elizabeth R. Matthews 1, Robert K. Peet 1, Alan S. Weakley 1, and Thomas Wentworth 2. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1, North Carolina State University 2

Anthropogenic impacts to Piedmont riparian bottomlands Conversion to agriculture, housing developments, etc. Impoundments flood many historical bottomland areas Altered flow regime of many rivers

Development outside of Greensboro- Burlington area

Deep River in Chatham Co., North Carolina

Confluence of the Deep and Haw Rivers, North Carolina

Bottomland communities of Piedmont brownwater rivers Description of vegetation composition and structure can inform management decisions and future restoration projects NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program Currently not well documented and described

Cape Fear River Basin

CVS protocol 20m X 50m plots Nested corners in 4 intensive modules Cover by strata Soil samples and geomorphic position

Geomorphic position Channel shelfLeveeBackswampTerrace Wharton et al 1982

Results Ordination and cluster techniques yielded nine provisional community types –PC-ORD software Compared these groups with current classifications –Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina, 3 rd approximation, Schafale and Weakley –National Vegetation Classification

Justicia americana herbaceous community (5 plots) Acer rubrum-Fraxinus pennsylvanica/Saururus cernuus swamp forest (2 plots) Quercus lyrata-Quercus phellos swamp forest (5 plots) Quercus michauxii-Quercus pagoda bottomland forest (7 plots) Platanus occidentalis-Celtis laevigata-Fraxinus pennsylvanica/Acer negundo forest (12 plots) Bottomland forest (11 plots)** Pinus taeda bottomland forest (5 plots) Carya spp. small-stream bottomland forest (7 plots) Platanus occidentalis-Liriodendron tulipifera forest (5 plots)

Axis 2 Axis 1 Non-metric multidimensional scaling Pinus taeda bottomland forest (5 plots) Carya spp. small-stream bottomland forest (7 plots) Platanus occidentalis-Liriodendron tulipifera forest (5 plots) (1) Acer rubrum-Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Saururs cernuus swamp forest (3) Quercus michauxii-Quercus pagoda bottomland forest (2) Quercus lyrata-Quercus phellos swamp forest (8) Platanus occidentalis- Liriodendron tulipifera forest (7) Carya spp. small-stream bottomland forest (5) Bottomland forest** (6) Pinus taeda bottomland forest Bray-Curtis distance measure 3D shown in 2D 1 run with real data (4) Platanus occidentalis – Celtis laevigata – Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Acer negundo forest

Levee communities Oak dominated bottomland communities Swamp community Rocky shore community

(1) Acer rubrum - Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Saururus cernuus swamp forest Dominance: Acer rubrum, Fraxinus pennslyvanica, Saururus cernuus Environment: high clay content Plots: 2 Nearest community concepts –3 rd approx: Piedmont swamp forest –NVC: Acer rubrum - Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Saururus cernuus Forest

(2) Quercus lyrata-Quercus phellos swamp forest Dominance: Quercus lyrata*, Quercus phellos*, Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa sylvatica*, Ilex verticillata*, Carpinus caroliniana* Environment: backswamp, nutrient poor Plots: 5 Nearest community concepts –3 rd approx: Piedmont swamp forest –NVC: Quercus pagoda - Quercus phellos - Quercus lyrata - Quercus michauxii / Chasmanthium latifolium Forest

(3) Quercus michauxii-Quercus pagoda bottomland forest Dominance: Quercus michauxii*, Quercus pagoda*, Quercus phellos, Acer rubrum, Ulmus rubra, Toxicodendron radicans*, Carex tribuloides*, Boehmeria cylindrica* Environment: backswamp, nutrient poor Plots: 7 Nearest community concepts –3 rd approx: Piedmont bottomland forest –NVC: Quercus pagoda - Quercus phellos - Quercus lyrata - Quercus michauxii / Chasmanthium latifolium Forest

Axis 2 Axis 1 Non-metric multidimensional scaling Pinus taeda bottomland forest (5 plots) Carya spp. small-stream bottomland forest (7 plots) Platanus occidentalis-Liriodendron tulipifera forest (5 plots) (1) Acer rubrum-Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Saururs cernuus swamp forest (3) Quercus michauxii-Quercus pagoda bottomland forest (2) Quercus lyrata-Quercus phellos swamp forest (8) Platanus occidentalis- Liriodendron tulipifera forest (7) Carya spp. small-stream bottomland forest (5) Bottomland forest** (6) Pinus taeda bottomland forest Bray-Curtis distance measure 3D shown in 2D 1 run with real data (4) Platanus occidentalis – Celtis laevigata – Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Acer negundo forest

(4) Platanus occidentalis – Celtis laevigata – Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Acer negundo Forest Dominance: Platanus occidentalis*, Celtis laevigata*, Fraxinus pennslyvanica*, Acer negundo* Environment: levee, high calcium content Plots: 8 Nearest community concepts –3 rd approx: Piedmont levee forest –NVC: Platanus occidentalis - Celtis laevigata - Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Lindera benzoin - Ilex decidua / Carex retroflexa Forest

(6) Pinus taeda bottomland forest Dominance: common bottomland species plus significant cover from Pinus taeda Environment: Plots: 3 Nearest community concepts –3 rd approx: Piedmont bottomland forest –NVC: no good fit

(7) Carya spp. small-stream bottomland forest Dominance: common bottomland species plus significant cover from Carya spp., especially Carya ovata*, Carya alba* Environment: mafic bedrock, small stream Plots: 7 Nearest community concepts –3 rd approx: Piedmont bottomland forest –NVC: no good fit

(8) Platanus occidentalis- Liriodendron tulipifera Forest Dominance: Platanus occidentalis, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera*, Betula nigra*, Asimina triloba Environment: early succesional forest Plots: 5 Nearest community concepts –3 rd approx: Piedmont levee forest –NVC: Platanus occidentalis - (Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera) Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance

(9) Justicia americana herbaceous vegetation Dominance: Justicia americana* Environment: rocky substrate Plots: 5 Nearest community concepts –3 rd approx: Rocky Bar and Shore –NVC: Justicia americana Herbaceous Vegetation

Future directions Further refine classification and description with GIS derived variables Expand dataset with more plots Do other watersheds fit with Cape Fear classification –Neuse and Tar-Pamlico summer 2007

Thank you This project was made possible by a grant from the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program Forbes Boyle, Brenda Wichmann, Jessi Outzs, PEL lab at UNC