University of Utah 1 “Free software” Remember... In the beginning, all software was free -Just a means to sell hardware.

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Presentation transcript:

University of Utah 1 “Free software” Remember... In the beginning, all software was free -Just a means to sell hardware

University of Utah 2 Public Domain Something that is not copyrighted -Anyone can use or modify it without restrictions Most early software was in this category

University of Utah 3 Public Domain Very popular in minicomputer / microcomputer era -BASIC Examples

University of Utah 4 Potential Problem Public domain software can be -modified -resold as commercial software

University of Utah 5 Potential Problem Public domain software can be -modified -resold as commercial software Example: -UNIX

University of Utah 6 Potential Problem Public domain software can be -modified -resold as commercial software Example: -UNIX -BASIC (depends on your point of view)

University of Utah 7 Richard Stallman Programmer at MIT’s AI lab (1970s) Disillusioned by increasing commercialism in software

University of Utah 8 Richard Stallman Founds GNU project (1983) -“Gnu’s Not Unix” Goal: -Create a “free” implementation of Unix

University of Utah 9 Free? As in “free pizza”? -No.

University of Utah Free? As in “free pizza”? -No. As in “freedom”? -It depends on who you ask.

University of Utah Free? As in “whatever Richard Stallman’s definition of freedom is?” -Yes!

University of Utah GPL GNU General Public License In a nutshell: -You must have access to source code -You can modify the software at will -If you distribute it, you must provide access to source code grant same rights to modify & distribute

University of Utah Gradual success... Text editor: Emacs Compiler: GCC Parser generator: Bison Other utilities slowly coalesce

University of Utah Gradual success... Almost a completely functioning OS (1990) Missing one piece... -The “kernel”

University of Utah Meanwhile....

University of Utah Linus Torvalds year-old student at University of Helsinki (Finland) Wrote a terminal emulator for MINIX

University of Utah Linux Terminal emulator project evolves into an operating system -Version September 1991

University of Utah Linux Original name: “Freax” A friend suggested “Linux” instead

University of Utah Copyright Original copyright said Linux could not be sold -Problematic So, Linus switched to GPL for version Why?

University of Utah And now... Suddenly -GNU project had a kernel! -A complete Unix-compatible system without Unix.

University of Utah And now... Suddenly -GNU project had a kernel! -A complete Unix-compatible system without Unix. -(well, almost.)

University of Utah Progress Version 0.12 supports X Window System (1992) Next version: 0.95 (1992) Version 1.0 (1994)

University of Utah Idealogy clashes Linus Torvalds vs Andrew Tanenbaum

University of Utah Idealogy clashes Linus Torvalds vs Andrew Tanenbaum Richard Stallman vs the world

University of Utah Idealogy clashes Linus Torvalds vs Andrew Tanenbaum Richard Stallman vs everybody “Open source” vs “Free software”

University of Utah Reminder Presentation sign-ups

University of Utah “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)