The Greening of the Rooftop Module 7 Green Roofing: High Performance Roofs

“A (roofing system) that delivers energy savings, environmental performance, and economic benefit substantially better than standard practice” (1) High Performance Roofs What is a High Performance Roof? (1) Derived from US Department of Energy definition of a High Performance Building

High Performance Roofs What is a High Performance Roof? Contributes to a safe environment protected from the elements. Reduces energy costs & resource requirements through operating efficiencies. Delivers a lower life cycle cost by extending service life. A High Performance Roof …

High Performance Roofs High Performance Roof Options Highly Insulated Roofs Highly Durable Roofs

High Performance Roofs Highly Insulated Roofs

Why Increase Roof Insulation? Globally: Locally: Increased energy efficiency is the most cost effective way to significantly reduce green house gas emissions between now and 2030 Rising energy costs and local incentives make it a good economic payback almost everywhere

Greenhouse Gas Reduction The Role of Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings Source: McKinsey & Company / Business Week, March 10, 2008 …For Commercial Buildings Energy Efficiency Savings Exceed Costs …..

Old Performance Standard: ASHRAE “Energy Standard for Buildings” New Performance Standard: ASHRAE “Energy Standard for Buildings” Proposed High Performance Standard: ASHRAE P “Standard for High Performance Green Buildings” Highly Insulated Roofs Current Insulation Standards

Highly Insulated Roofs Current Insulation Standards ASHRAE Climate Zone Old ASHRAE New ASHRAE Proposed ASHRAE 189.1P Typical City Example Miami Houston Atlanta Baltimore Chicago Milwaukee Minneapolis Minimum R-Values: Low-Slope Commercial Roof Insulation

Highly Insulated Roofs Why High Performance? Base Performance Standards are Minimum Standards –Minimum needed to protect human occupants High Performance Standards support Reachable Goals –Roadmaps from the past to the future Base Performance Standards reflect Past Events –Past energy costs –Past environmental impacts High Performance Standards reflect Future Events –Rising energy costs –Increasing environmental impacts

Example: 100,000 Square Foot Warehouse Chicago, IL (Roof System Only – Gas Heat / Elec. Cooling) Single-Ply Membrane Thermal Insulation Exposed Steel Deck Highly Insulated Roofs Comparing the Standards

Scenario Old Standard (ASHRAE ) New Standard (ASHRAE 90.1 – 2007) High Performance Std. (ASHRAE 189.P-1) Insulation R Value Total Annual Heating / Cooling Cost $15,295 $13,172 $10,855 Annual Savings - $2,123 $4, ,000 Square Foot Warehouse Chicago, IL Source: NRCA EnergyWise Roof Calculator (Roof System Only, Gas Heating / Electric Cooling) Highly Insulated Roofs Comparing the Standards

NRCA EnergyWise Roof Calculator U.S. Department of Energy High Performance Building Initiative ASHRAE Standards Project Committee (High Performance Green Buildings) Highly Insulated Roofs Find Out More…

High Performance Roofs Highly Durable Roofs

Roofing & Durability Looking Back to 1970 OPEC oil embargo Quality of roofing asphalt decreased as more gasoline was extracted from every barrel of oil Roofing asphalt became more brittle, less plastic Asbestos Traditional roofing “felts” relied on asbestos fibers for strength Asbestos fibers replaced by lower strength organic (paper) fibers

Thicker insulation caused “thermal shock” as surface temperatures fluctuated by over F in a single day… … causing roof membranes to age prematurely. Roofing & Durability Looking Back to 1970

New material alternatives were introduced… … but with a steep learning curve and some initial failures

Roofing & Durability Looking Back to 1970 “With the green building movement still in its infancy, the construction industry is rushing to promote ‘green’ products with all the excitement that comes with building a new market. History shows us, however, that while we must move forward with innovation and excitement, we must also take care to be responsible market stewards. Green product manufacturers should be careful to provide defendable proof that these products perform as stated.” Kenneth Mentzer, President, North American Insulation Manufacturers Association. Building Design and Construction “White Paper on Sustainability”, 2003, p. 13.

Highly Durable Roofs What is Durability? “… the ability of a (roof) or any of its components to perform its required functions in its service environment over a period of time without unforeseen cost for maintenance or repair” (1) (1) Derived from Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Standard S (R2001) Guideline on Durability in Buildings.

Green Roof System Options Highly Durable Roofs Perform their required functions In their service environment Over an expected period of time Without unforeseen cost for maintenance or repair

Provide an extended and predictable service life Anticipate extreme events and conditions Designed and Managed to… Green Roof System Options Highly Durable Roofs

Key Elements Durability Planning Performance Standards Project Commissioning Ongoing Management

Highly Durable Roofs Planning for Durability

Highly Durable Roofs Durability Planning Durability Planning combines Life Cycle Assessment with Quality Management Durability Planning draws on the best practices of ISO 9000 and ISO 14000

Highly Durable Roofs Durability Planning Steps Identify the Critical Durability Determinants –“Normal” Aging –Extreme Events –Human Activity Identify the Critical Durability Interventions –Inspection –Maintenance –Renewal –Replacement –Access Control / Accountability Develop a Durability Action Plan & Timetable –Scheduling –Review –Countermeasure

Durability Determinants: Membrane Weathering Wind & Storm Resistance Freeze/Thaw Resistance Application Variability Durability Interventions: Increase Membrane Thickness Fully Adhered System Attachment Redundant Seams & Flashing Seam Tape & High Solids Primers Durability Planning Example: High Performance EPDM Roof

Durability Planning Example: High Performance EPDM Roof Action Plan A: 60 Mil EPDM w/ Standard Seams Strip-In Seams / Coat Membrane Action Plan B: 90 Mil EPDM w/ Redundant Seams Strip-In Seams / Coat Membrane Year 1 Year 30 (1) Year 35? Year 1 Year 20 (1) Year 25? (1) Typical manufacturer warranty term for assembly shown

Durability Determinants: Membrane Weathering Wind & Storm Resistance Freeze/Thaw Resistance Application Variability Durability Interventions: Redundant Layers, Surface Coatings High Strength Base Sheets Redundant Layers, Increased Reinforcements Heat-Welded Seams Durability Planning Example: High Performance Mod Bit Roof

Action Plan A: 2-Ply MB Coat Surface Action Plan B: 2-Ply MB w/ Coating Re-Coat Surface Year 1 Year 25 (1) Year 30? Year 1 Year 20 (1) Year 25? (1) Typical manufacturer warranty term for assembly shown Durability Planning Example: High Performance Mod Bit Roof

Durability Planning: Durability & Current Green Rating Systems Green Globes –Up to 4 Points for “Building Durability, Adaptability and Disassembly” (Credit E.4) LEED ® Canada Version –1 Credit Point for “Durable Building” (Credit MR.8)

Highly Durable Roofs Establishing Performance Standards

“Something established by authority, custom, or general consent as a model or example.” (1) (1) Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Highly Durable Roofs Performance Standards Standard: Synonyms: Criterion, Gauge, Yardstick, Touchstone

Highly Durable Roofs An Emerging Industry Standard Performance Criteria for Constructed Roofing Systems (PCCRS)

Process & Structure A consensus-based process with public comment and multiple review Central Council of leading industry experts –Roofing Contractors –Roofing Manufacturers –Researchers, Consultants, Building Owners Criteria Development Groups (CDGs) for each major roofing system type –Built-Up Roofing (BUR) & Spray Polyurethane (SPF) CDGs established in 2004 –EPDM and PVC CDGs to start in 2008

“…to provide building owners and the roofing industry with conservative and dependable criteria for constructed roof systems that achieve cost-effective, long- term performance relative to the specific roof system type.” Performance Criteria for Constructed Roofing Systems (PCCRS) Mission

The critical elements of roof system performance: Design Materials Maintenance Installation Design Materials Installation Maintenance Performance Criteria for Constructed Roofing Systems (PCCRS) Focus

Highly Durable Roof Performance Standards PCCRS: Find Out More Performance Criteria for Constructed Roof Systems (PCCRS) The purpose of PCCRS is to provide building owners and the roofing industry with conservative and dependable criteria for constructed roof systems that achieve cost- effective, long-term performance relative to the specific roof system type. PCCRS is intended to provide guidance. It is not an approval or certification of individual companies' procedures, products or services, nor is it intended to supplant warranties or other representations or perceptions of roof system service life. A council ("Council") has been established for the purpose of carrying out the administration, development and maintenance of PCCRS. The Council will appoint an Home Council CDGs Articles Documents Contact Visit PCCRS at

Material Standards Validity: Are the standards relevant to in-service performance? Reliability: Do the standards help predict failure points and times? Design Standards Energy: Do the standards accurately predict energy use? Environmental: Are all key impacts considered? Hazard: Are fire, wind, hail, human, and other risks anticipated? System Integration: Are the connections and details understood? Installation Standards Best Practice: Do the standards incorporate industry best practice? Controls: Will the standards validate performance & remedy exceptions? Maintenance Standards Proactive: Do the standards anticipate needed maintenance and repair? Controls: Do the standards require an ongoing plan and timetable? Highly Durable Roof Performance Standards Roof Performance Standard Checklist

Highly Durable Roofs Project Commissioning

Highly Durable Roofs Project Commissioning (1) ASHRAE Guideline 0, The Commissioning Process "a quality-oriented process for achieving, verifying, and documenting that the performance of facilities, systems, and assemblies meets defined objectives and criteria“ (1)

Highly Durable Roofs Project Commissioning An "umbrella" process for planning, delivery, verification, and managing of critical building functions. A quality assurance process that delivers preventive and predictive maintenance plans, tailored operating manuals, and training procedures. A formal review and integration of all project expectations during planning, design, construction, and occupancy phases by inspection and functional performance testing, and oversight of operator training and record documentation. Source: The Whole Building Design Guide

Source: Whole Building Design Guide ( Project Commissioning The Commissioning Process Establish a Commissioning Approach / Authority –Project A/E? Project CM? Independent 3 rd Party? Involve the Commissioning Authority in the Design –Establish Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR) –Establish Basis of Design (BOD) Establish a Comprehensive Commissioning Plan –Overall Objectives & Budget –Commissioning Specs –Testing & Inspection Plan –Reporting Plan Document Compliance & Acceptance –Publish final compliance report: –Develop service & maintenance manuals –Establish ongoing audit schedules

Project Commissioning Find Out More … The Whole Building Design Guide: Building Commissioning General Services Administration (GSA) On-Line Project Planning Tool Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. Establishing Commissioning Costs WBDG WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN GUIDE

Highly Durable Roofs Ongoing Management

Critical Elements Energy Management –Is the building continuing to meet energy efficiency objectives? Environmental Management –Are building impacts to the environment measured and in control? Hazard Management –Does the building continue to provide hazard protection as originally planned? –Is a disaster recovery plan in place, and does it address known hazards? Life Cycle Management –Is the building “on schedule” in terms of planned life cycle? –Have planned “durability interventions” been implemented on schedule – and have they accomplished the planned effect?

ISO Standards –ISO 9000 Quality Management Systems –ISO Environmental Management Systems National Roofing Contractors Association Manuals for Inspection of …. –Built-Up and Modified Bitumen Roofing Systems –Existing Single-Ply Roofing Systems –Spray Polyurethane Foam-Based Roofing Systems –Steep-Slope Architectural Metal Panel Roof Assemblies –Low-Slope Structural Metal Panel Roof Assemblies Whole Building Design Guide: Facilities Operation & Maintenance Ongoing Management Find Out More … WBDG WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN GUIDE

Highly Durable Roofs Summary & Review Durability Planning Performance Standards Project Commissioning Ongoing Management The Key Elements of a Highly Durable Roof