1 November 1999 The Internet in the UK Keith Mitchell Executive Chairman

1 1 The Internet in the UK History Organisation Infrastructure

1 November 1999 History

1 1 History Pre-1990 (ARPAnet)  University College London  Military 1991  UK Internet Consortium  UKERNA JIPS project 1992  PIPEX, Demon, UKnet

1 1 History  BTnet  LINX established  around 50 ISPs 1995  ISPA established  vPoPs  >100 ISPs

1 1 History  0845 dial-up access  Nominet, Internet Watch established 1997  MaNAP  ~300 ISPs

1 1 History  FreeServe  BTclick 1999  1 in 5 people have Internet access  ScotIX  0800 ISPs

1 November 1999 Organisations

1 1 UK Internet Industry Organisations Exchange Points Associations Registries Self-regulators Forums etc

1 1 Organisation Principles Neutral  facilities  management  operation Public companies limited by guarantee World-class facilities “Natural” national monopolies should be:  not for profit  efficient  accountable

1 1 UK Internet Exchange Points LINX  London87 members LoNAPwww.lonap.net  London20 members MaNAPwww.manap.net  Manchester17 members ScotIXwww.scotix.net  Edinburgh9 members

1 1 LINX Status Established Oct 94 by 5 member ISPs Now 87 members  at least 1 new member every month  UK, European, International members Not-for profit association of ISPs Neutral locations in London Docklands  Telehouse  TeleCity  others to follow

1 1 LINX Objectives 1 “ To provide efficient interconnectivity for the UK Internet” Aim to keep 100% of UK Internet traffic in the UK LINX handles about 80-90% of UK peering traffic Increasingly keeping European traffic in Europe 2 “To promote the interests of its members” Only done on specific issues, and where there is formal approval of a strong consensus among members.

1 1 LINX Membership Restricted to ISPs - definition:  Symmetric Global Routing  More than one connection to rest of Internet  own “Autonomous System”  Sell Internet service  Member of Regional Internet Registry  at least /19 = 8192 IP addresses  Publish contact info

1 1 LINX “Non-Core” Activities  Law Enforcement  Crime, Interception, Privacy, Crypto  Content Regulation  IWF Funding and Oversight  Telecoms Regulation  Non-lobbying  UBM (“Spam”) Regulation  Unsolicited Bulk Messaging

1 1 Internet Service Providers Association Trade Association Over 100 members ISPs, Web designers, lawyers Council & secretariat

1 1 ISPA Activities Promotes self-regulation:  IWF funding and oversight  Member Code of Practice Founder member of EuroISPA  Government lobbying and liasion Awards & events

1 1 Internet Watch Foundation Funded by:  LINX, ISPA, Large ISPs directly  EU Commission Provides hotline for notification and takedown of illegal content Partner in INCORE, ICRA content rating projects

1 1 Name & Number Registries Nominet UK(Oxford) .uk domain names CENTR(Oxford)  Association of European TLD (Top-Level Domain) registries RIPE NCC(Amsterdam)  Allocates IP addresses to over 1500 members in 90 European+ countries

1 1 Nominet Operates central facilities providing Domain Names ending in.uk Over 1500 members provide service to end-users:  ISPs  Web/content providers  IPR lawyers Currently registering ~100,000 domains/month

1 1 Forums & Other Bodies Internet Crime Forum  formerly ACPO/ISP/Govt forum Internet User Privacy Forum  Internet Society Chapters  

1 November 1999 Infrastructure

1 1 Terminology “Transit”  one ISP buys connectivity to whole of rest of Internet from another larger one “Peering”  two ISPs exchange routes and traffic for their customers only

1 1 UK Infrastructure About UK ISPs buy transit from less than 100 who lease international circuits from IFL providers Most of these have nxE3/STM1 capacity to major US ISPs and/or exchange points

1 1 LINX Members by Country Total = 87

1 1 UK Infrastructure Most UK ISPs have few backbone nodes, buy virtual PoPs from OLO 0845 providers Much infrastructure concentrated in Telehouse, Docklands  over 6000 routers in one building ! but co-location provider market burgeoning  e.g. TeleCity, Redbus, IX Europe

1 1 Internet Traffic Economics Peering commonly, but not exclusively:  takes place at exchange points  is on non-settlement basis In general between ISPs:  A announces routes  B  B sends traffic  A’s customers  A makes payment  B

1 1 LINX Traffic (Nov 99) Total inbound=outbound traffic  900 Mb/s average  1300 Mb/s peak  Doubles every 4 months Routing table (24%)  16,000 out of 70,000 global routes  about 10% growth in 6 months

1 1 LINX Statistics (Nov 99) è One of 6 biggest Internet Exchange Points in World è Reflects strength of UK Internet industry

1 1 TLD Name Servers Name Service for Top-Level Domains All in LINX neutral AS k.root-servers.net  operated with RIPE NCC  secondary for “.” domain  12 in world, one of 3 outside US “.uk” primaries  operated with NOMINET LINX represented on ICANN RSSAC